Maintenance of N cycling gene communities with crop-livestock integration management in tropical agriculture systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irzo Isaac Rosa Portilho ◽  
Mary Cathleen Savin ◽  
Clovis Daniel Borges ◽  
Siu Mui Tsai ◽  
Fábio Martins Mercante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Cycling ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Cycling Gene ◽  
Integration Management ◽  
Agriculture Systems

scholarly journals N-cycling microbiome recruitment differences between modern and wild Zea mays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alonso Favela ◽  
Martin O. Bohn ◽  
Angela Kent
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Cycling Gene ◽  
Modern Maize ◽  
Functional Gene Diversity ◽  
Maize Domestication ◽  
Gene Richness ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

Rewilding modern agricultural cultivars by reintroducing beneficial ancestral traits is a proposed approach to improve sustainability of modern agricultural systems. In this study, we compared recruitment of the rhizosphere microbiome among modern inbred maize and wild teosinte to assess whether potentially beneficial plant microbiome traits have been lost through maize domestication and modern breeding. To do this, we surveyed the bacterial and fungal communities along with nitrogen cycling functional groups in the rhizosphere of 6 modern domesticated maize genotypes and ancestral wild teosinte genotypes, while controlling for environmental conditions and starting soil inoculum. Using a combination of high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR, we found that the rhizosphere microbiomes of modern inbred and wild teosinte differed substantially in taxonomic composition, species richness, and abundance of N-cycling functional genes. Furthermore, the modern vs wild designation explained 27% of the variation in the prokaryotic microbiome, 62% of the variation in N-cycling gene richness, and 66% of N-cycling gene abundance. Surprisingly, we found that modern inbred genotypes hosted microbial communities with higher taxonomic and functional gene diversity within their microbiomes compared to ancestral genotypes. These results imply that modern maize and wild maize differ in their interaction with N-cycling microorganisms in the rhizosphere and that genetic variation exists within Zea to potentially ‘rewild’ microbiome-associated traits (i.e., exudation, root phenotypes, etc.).

scholarly journals Rapid response of nitrogen cycling gene transcription to labile carbon amendments in a soil microbial community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Francis Chuckran ◽  
Viacheslav Fofanov ◽  
Bruce A Hungate ◽  
Ember M A Morrissey ◽  
Egbert Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Cycling Gene ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
N Metabolism

Episodic inputs of labile carbon (C) to soil can rapidly stimulate nitrogen (N) immobilization by soil microorganisms. However, the transcriptional patterns that underlie this process remain unclear. In order to better understand the regulation of N cycling in soil microbial communities, we conducted a 48 h laboratory incubation with an agricultural soil where we stimulated the uptake of inorganic N by amending the soil with glucose. We analyzed the metagenome and metatranscriptome of the microbial communities at four timepoints that corresponded with changes in N availability. The relative abundances of genes remained largely unchanged throughout the incubation. In contrast, glucose addition rapidly increased transcription of genes encoding for ammonium and nitrate transporters, enzymes responsible for N assimilation into biomass, and genes associated with the N regulatory network. This upregulation coincided with an increase in transcripts associated with glucose breakdown and oxoglutarate production, demonstrating a connection between C and N metabolism. When concentrations of ammonium were low, we observed a transient upregulation of genes associated with the nitrogen fixing enzyme nitrogenase. Transcripts for nitrification and denitrification were downregulated throughout the incubation, suggesting that dissimilatory transformations of N may be suppressed in response to labile C inputs in these soils. These results demonstrate that soil microbial communities can respond rapidly to changes in C availability by drastically altering the transcription of N cycling genes.

Microbial N-cycling gene abundance is affected by cover crop specie and development stage in an integrated cropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (7) ◽  
pp. 2005-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassiano Felipe Rocha ◽  
Eiko Eurya Kuramae ◽  
Beatriz Maria Ferrari Borges ◽  
Márcio Fernandes Alves Leite ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Gene Abundance ◽  
Cycling Gene ◽  
Microbial N

Soil Spatial Heterogeneity and Systems of Agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
V. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Regular Grid ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The Third ◽  
Soil Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Agriculture Systems ◽  
Zonal Soils

Aim. To consider soil continuality and discreteness as features of heterogeneity manifestation in a soil cover, important for construction of agriculture systems. Methods. Geostatistical research of soil spatial heterogeneity, revealing the contours of a fi eld with various parameters of fertility. Results. The use of principles of precise agriculture and inspection of indicative properties of fi eld soils using a regular grid allowed to divide a fi eld into contours with three levels of fertility: the fi rst one is characterized by optimal or close to optimum properties which allows refusing from (or reducing substantially) tillage, introduction of fertilizers or chemical ameliorates; the second one has average parameters of fertility corresponding to zonal soils and demands the application of zonal technologies; the third one (with the worst parameters of fertility) presupposes regular use of the improved technologies. Conclusions. The introduction of precise agriculture will allow replacing a traditional zonal system with thenew which is soil-protecting and resource-saving one.

MSA ROEBLING MEDAL LECTURE: NITROGEN DIFFUSION IN MINERALS, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR N CYCLING IN THE SOLID EARTH

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bruce Watson ◽  
◽  
Daniele J. Cherniak ◽  
Maxwell S. Drexler ◽  
Morgan F. Schaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Earth ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Nitrogen Diffusion

scholarly journals Multispecies for multifunctions: combining four complementary species enhances multifunctionality of sown grassland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Suter ◽  
Olivier Huguenin-Elie ◽  
Andreas Lüscher
Keyword(s):  
Forage Quality ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Diversity Effects ◽  
Species Mixtures

AbstractAssessing the overall performance of ecosystems requires a quantitative evaluation of multifunctionality. We investigated plant species diversity effects on individual functions and overall multifunctionality in a grassland experiment with sown monocultures and mixtures comprising four key grass and legume species. Nitrogen fertilisation rates were 50, 150, and 450 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (N50, N150, N450). Ten functions were measured representing forage production, N cycling, and forage quality, all being related to either productivity or environmental footprint. Multifunctionality was analysed by a novel approach using the mean log response ratio across functions. Over three experimental years, mixture effects benefited all forage production and N cycling functions, while sustaining high forage quality. Thus, mixture effects did not provoke any trade-off among the analysed functions. High N fertilisation rates generally diminished mixture benefits. Multifunctionality of four-species mixtures was considerably enhanced, and mixture overall performance was up to 1.9 (N50), 1.8 (N150), and 1.6 times (N450) higher than in averaged monocultures. Multifunctionality of four-species mixtures at N50 was at least as high as in grass monocultures at N450. Sown grass–legume mixtures combining few complementary species at low to moderate N fertilisation sustain high multifunctionality and are a ‘ready-to-use’ option for the sustainable intensification of agriculture.

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