Carbon stock and sequestration potential of agroforestry systems in smallholder agroecosystems of sub-Saharan Africa: Mechanisms for ‘reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation’ (REDD+)

2012 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Thangata ◽  
P.E. Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Implementation of REDD+ in sub-Saharan Africa: state of knowledge, challenges and opportunities

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATIEU HENRY ◽  
DANAE MANIATIS ◽  
VINCENT GITZ ◽  
DAVID HUBERMAN ◽  
RICCARDO VALENTINI
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Forest Carbon Stock ◽  
Sub Saharan

ABSTRACTDeforestation and forest degradation represent an important part of global CO2 emissions. The identification of the multiple drivers of land-use change, past and present forest cover change and associated carbon budget, and the presence of locally adapted systems to allow for proper monitoring are particularly lacking in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Any incentive system to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) will have to overcome those limits. This paper reviews the main challenges to implementing effective REDD+ mitigation activities in SSA. We estimate that SSA is currently a net carbon sink of approximately 319 TgCO2 yr−1. Forest degradation and deforestation put the forest carbon stock at risk (mean forest carbon stock is 57,679 TgC). Our results highlight the importance of looking beyond the forest sector to ensure that REDD+ efforts are aligned with agricultural and land-use policies.

scholarly journals Carbon Stock and Sequestration Potential of an Agroforestry System in Sabah, Malaysia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normah Awang Besar ◽  
Herawandi Suardi ◽  
Mui-How Phua ◽  
Daniel James ◽  
Mazlin Bin Mokhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Total aboveground carbon (TAC) and total soil carbon stock in the agroforestry system at the Balung River Plantation, Sabah, Malaysia were investigated to scientifically support the sustaining of natural forest for mitigating global warming via reducing carbon in the atmosphere. Agroforestry, monoculture, and natural tropical forests were investigated to calculate the carbon stock and sequestration based on three different combinations of oil palm and agarwood in agroforestry systems from 2014 to 2018. These combinations were oil palm (27 years) and agarwood (seven years), oil palm (20 years) and agarwood (seven years), and oil palm (17 years) and agarwood (five years). Monoculture oil palm (16 years), oil palm (six years), and natural tropical forest were set as the control. Three randomly selected plots for agroforestry and monoculture plantation were 0.25 ha (50 × 50 m), respectively, whereas for the natural tropical forest it was 0.09 ha (30 × 30 m). A nondestructive sampling method followed by the allometric equation determined the standing biomass. Organic and shrub layers collected in a square frame (1 × 1 m) were analyzed using the CHN628 series (LECO Corp., MI, USA) for carbon content. Soil bulk density of randomly selected points within the three different layers, that is, 0 to 5, 5 to 10, and 10 to 30 cm were used to determine the total ecosystem carbon (TEC) stock in each agroforestry system which was 79.13, 85.40, and 78.28 Mg C ha−1, respectively. The TEC in the monoculture oil palm was 76.44 and 60.30 Mg C ha−1, whereas natural tropical forest had the highest TEC of 287.29 Mg C ha−1. The forest stand had the highest TEC capacity as compared with the agroforestry and monoculture systems. The impact of planting systems on the TEC showed a statistically significant difference at a 95% confidence interval for the various carbon pools among the agroforestry, monoculture, and natural tropical forests. Therefore, the forest must be sustained because of its higher capacity to store carbon in mitigating global warming.

scholarly journals The Sub-Saharan Africa carbon balance, an overview

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2085-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bombelli ◽  
M. Henry ◽  
S. Castaldi ◽  
S. Adu-Bredu ◽  
A. Arneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
First Results ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This study presents a summary overview of the carbon balance of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by synthesizing the available data from national communications to UNFCCC and first results from the project CarboAfrica (net ecosystem productivity and emissions from fires, deforestation and forest degradation, by field and model estimates). According to these preliminary estimates the overall carbon balance of SSA varies from 0.43 Pg C y−1 (using in situ measurements for savanna NEP) to a much higher sink of 2.53 Pg C y−1 (using model estimates for savanna NEP). UNFCCC estimates lead to a moderate carbon sink of 0.58 Pg C y−1. Excluding anthropogenic disturbance and intrinsic episodic events, the carbon uptake by forests (0.98 Pg C y−1) and savannas (from 1.38 to 3.48 Pg C y−1, depending on the used methodology) are the main components of the SSA sink effect. Fires (0.72 Pg C y−1), deforestation (0.25 Pg C y−1) and forest degradation (0.77 Pg C y−1) are the main contributors to the SSA carbon emissions, while the agricultural sector contributes only with 0.12 Pg C y−1. Notably, the impact of forest degradation is higher than that caused by deforestation, and the SSA forest net carbon balance is close to equilibrium. Savannas play a major role in shaping the SSA carbon balance, due to their large areal extent, their fire regime, and their strong interannual NEP variability, but they are also a major uncertainty in the overall budget. This paper shows that Africa plays a key role in the global carbon cycle system and probably could have a potential for carbon sequestration higher than expected, even if still highly uncertain. Further investigations are needed, particularly to better address the role of savannas and tropical forests. The current CarboAfrica network of carbon measurements could provide future unique data sets for better estimating the African carbon balance.

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry Systems in Degraded Landscapes in West Java, Indonesia

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Mohamad Siarudin ◽  
Syed Ajijur Rahman ◽  
Yustina Artati ◽  
Yonky Indrajaya ◽  
Sari Narulita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
West Java ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Sequestration Potential

When restoring degraded landscapes, approaches capable of striking a balance between improving environmental services and enhancing human wellbeing need to be considered. Agroforestry is an important option for restoring degraded land and associated ecosystem functions. Using survey, key informant interview and rapid carbon stock appraisal (RaCSA) methods, this study was conducted in five districts in West Java province to examine potential carbon stock in agroforestry systems practiced by smallholder farmers on degraded landscapes. Six agroforestry systems with differing carbon stocks were identified: gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) + cardamom (Amomum compactum); manglid (Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre) + cardamom; caddam (Neolamarckiacadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) + cardamom; caddam + elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.); mixed-tree + fishpond; and mixed-tree lots. Compared to other systems, mixed-tree lots had the highest carbon stock at 108.9 Mg ha−1. Carbon stock variations related to species density and diversity. Farmers from research sites said these systems also prevent soil erosion and help to restore degraded land. Farmers’ adoption of agroforestry can be enhanced by the implementation of supportive policies and measures, backed by scientific research.

Carbon Sequestration Potential of Kpashimi Forest Reserve, Niger State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Jibrin ◽  
Sule Mohammed Zubairu ◽  
Aishatu Abdulkadir ◽  
Sakoma J Kaura ◽  
Amos Bitrus Baminda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Carbon Biomass ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Carbon Stock Density

This study provides a preliminary assessment of the biophysical potential for carbon sequestration. Quantification of carbon stock and estimation of carbon sequestration potential was carried out in the Kpashimi Forest Reserve, Niger state, Nigeria. Carbon stock was measured in the six vegetation communities existing in the study area. Forty-eight randomly selected 20 x 20 metre quadrats were established wherein data was collected from the main forest carbon pools; including above ground tree, below ground root, undergrowth (shrub grasses), dead wood, litter and soil organic carbon. Biomass of the respective pools was quantified by destructive sampling and use of allometric equations. Thereafter, biomass values were converted to carbon stock equivalent. Four satellite imageries TM, SPOT, ETM+, and NIGERIASAT-1 of 1987, 1994, 2001 and 2007 respectively were used to estimate vegetation cover and carbon stock change over 20 years. The results showed that average carbon stock density (Mg C/ha) of the vegetation communities was in the decreasing order; Riparian forest (123.58 ± 9.1), Savanna woodland (97.71 ± 8.2), Degraded forest (62.92 ± 6.1), Scrubland (36.28 ± 4.1), Grassland (18.22 ± 5.1), and bare surface (9.31 ± 3.1). Deforestation and forest degradation between 1987 and 2007 have resulted in emission of 240.2 Mg (ton) C ha-1 at an annual rate of 12.01 Mg C ha-1. This suggests that the study site has carbon sequestration potential of 240.2 Mg C ha-1 based on its capacity to increase carbon stock through restoration; back to speculated 1987 levels and even higher. Thus, the study recommends the need to analyse carbon offset project feasibility in the study area.

Quantifying Local-scale Forest Degradation Intensity from Charcoal Production Using a Fusion of GEDI and Landsat Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyu Liang ◽  
Laura Duncanson ◽  
Fernando Sedano
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Sub Saharan

<p>Deforestation and degradation are two major threats to the global forest that jeopardize their functions to store carbon and mitigate climate change. Forest degradation undermines the health and functions of the forest to perform ecosystem services and is a stepping stone to deforestation. However, forest degradation has not been sufficiently monitored and quantified due to the varying intensity of disturbance and usually inconsistent spectral signals reflected in optical remote sensing. Drivers of forest degradation can be natural and/or human-related, and charcoal production is a key driver of forest degradation in sub-Saharan Africa due to the high demands for charcoal for energy consumption and the increasing rate of population growth and urbanization. In this study, we focus on charcoal production-driven forest degradation that occurred at the Mabalane district in Southern Mozambique from 2008 to 2018. We intend to demonstrate the potential of combining Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) data and Landsat time stacks for inspecting the changes in forest structure and aboveground biomass (AGB). To do so, we categorize the degraded forest by the year of disturbance based on a disturbance map produced for the study area for 2008-2018 by Sedano et al. (2019) and analyze the first year of publicly-released GEDI data to characterize forest structure and AGB at different disturbance classes. We also compare the GEDI L4A biomass with three other global and continental AGB products to understand the pre-disturbance biomass storage and the degradation patterns. Lastly, we build an empirical model between GEDI biomass and Landsat spectral bands and vegetation indices to quantify the biomass removal and regrowth from 10-year charcoal production. Uncertainties from the GEDI-Landsat models are estimated using Monte Carlo Simulations to propagate errors. The study improves the current understanding of forest degradation and carbon dynamics associated with it in tropical dry forests of sub-Saharan Africa. It also demonstrates the potential of combining spaceborne lidar missions and Landsat archives to facilitate accurate mapping of forest structural and AGB change in the degraded forest at a local scale. </p>

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