scholarly journals Behavioral Interventions for Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections and Unintended Pregnancies: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Macaya Pascual ◽  
J.R. Ferreres Riera ◽  
A. Campoy Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Overview Of Systematic Reviews

004. A NEW ERA IN CONTRACEPTIVE DEVELOPMENT: NON-HORMONAL OPTIONS THAT ALSO TARGET SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
E. Dimitriadis
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Contraceptive Efficacy ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
New Era ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies

Despite huge increases in access to contraceptives globally more than 700 000 maternal deaths related to unintended pregnancies occurred between 1995 and 2000 mostly in developing countries. Over 80 million women have unintended or unwanted pregnancies annually. Remarkably, there have been no new methods of contraceptives developed in the last 50 years. The extremely high incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) indicates that it is desirable to develop contraceptives that also target STIs. Two interleukin (IL) 6-type cytokines, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and IL11, are obligatory for implantation in mice and are dysregulated in endometrium of some women with infertility. Both LIF and IL11 are also thought to have roles in Chlamydia-induced inflammation which can lead to a multitude of pathologies. LIF and IL11 antagonists were produced and their contraceptive efficacy tested in mice. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was conjugated to LIF antagonist (LA) or IL11 antagonist (IL11A) to increase their serum half-life. PEGLA injected during the peri-implantation period blocked LIF action in the endometrium and totally prevented embryo implantation while having no embryo toxic effects.1 Similarly, injection of PEGIL11A blocked decidua formation resulting in pregnancy failure.2 In women, vaginally administered drugs preferentially localise to the uterus suggesting that vaginal administration of PEGLA is an appropriate delivery method for contraceptive purposes. Further, vaginally administered PEGLA may be useful as a ‘dual-role’ contraceptive to also block STIs. PEGLA administered via vaginal gel was shown to prevent implantation having minimal effects on non-uterine LIF targets. This is the first study to show the contraceptive efficacy of a PEGylated compound delivered vaginally. It further indicates that PEGLA may be useful as a dual-role contraceptive. Contraceptive trials in non-human primates are currently underway to determine the effect of PEGLA on implantation. If effective, this will offer new opportunities as pharmacological, non-hormonal dual-role contraceptives for women. (1) White CA, Zhang JG, Salamonsen LA, Baca M, Fairlie WD, Metcalf D, Nicola NA, Robb L, Dimitriadis E (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 19 357–62.(2) Menkhorst E, Salamonsen LA, Robb L, Dimitriadis E (2009) Biol of Reprod 80: 920–927.

scholarly journals Determinants of Contraceptives Uptake among Adolescents’ Girls Aged 14-19 Years in Homa Bay County

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Stephen Owende Owoko ◽  
Eddy Okoth Odari ◽  
Daniel Mokaya
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Youth Friendly ◽  
Youth Friendly Services

Introduction. Adolescents are individuals aged between 10-19 years. This phase is characterised by rapid growth, sexual maturation, and sexual exploration. These behaviours expose sexually active adolescent girls to a greater risk of unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortion, and sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed to assess the determinants of contraceptives uptake among adolescent girls in Homa Bay County in Kenya with specific objectives assessing the level of awareness, uptake as well as evaluating the factors affecting the sexual & reproductive health service provision to adolescent girls in the region. Result: A cross-sectional survey was done targeting 385 girls and 32 health facilities. The response rate was 100%, with the level of knowledge on contraceptives at 97.6%. The main sources of knowledge on contraceptives were from teachers in schools (30%), peers (17.2%) and media. 70% of the respondents were in a heterosexual relationship of which 58.6% preferred male condom use as their contraceptive method of choice, while the use of pills was the least at 0.6%. The majority (57.9%) of the girls did not practice safer sex exposing them to a higher risk of Sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies. Discussions: The level of contraceptive uptake significantly varied from one sub-county to the other (p < 0.005), with the sub-counties in the Islands of Lake Victoria such as Suba sub-counties having up to 80% lesser chance of their girls using any form of contraceptives (OR = 0.2; CI: 0.2–0.8). Major barriers were the fear of side effects (51.8%) and self-stigmatisation (13.4 %). Health facilities were the main source of contraceptives (77.1%); however, the study noted a lack of youth-friendly services that would favour increased access. Further, there was a complete lack of knowledge on adolescent sexual and reproductive health policies and procedures among the girls (39.6%). Conclusion: Misinformation, cultural perception on the use of contraceptives among adolescents, and lack of youth-friendly services in health facilities are key drivers to the underutilisation of contraceptives by adolescent girls in Homabay county. Adolescents from the island stand a higher risk of non-utilisation of contraceptives compared to their mainland counterparts. Recommendations: There is a need for strengthened youth-friendly comprehensive sexual health education and services in all health facilities with more emphasis on risk reduction interventions and sensitisation of young girls on the available policies. Mechanisms should be availed, specifically to reach the “hard to reach” adolescent populations in the islands.

scholarly journals Positive deviance for dual-method promotion among women in Uganda: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodaka Kosugi ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Junko Kiriya ◽  
Ken Ing Cherng Ong ◽  
Stephen Mucunguzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Dual Method ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Abstract Background Dual-method use is known as the most reliable protection against unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. However, it is not commonly used in sub-Sharan Africa, especially among women using highly effective contraceptives. This article describes a protocol to evaluate the effect of an intervention formulated under the positive deviance approach for promoting dual-method use in Uganda. Methods One hundred women will be interviewed using a structured questionnaire to find those practicing dual-method use. Then, in-depth interviews will be conducted with all women using dual-method and ten women using only highly effective contraceptives to identify their unique practice. Then, a cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted to examine the effect of an intervention formulated under the positive deviance approach on dual-method uptake and adherence. Twenty health facilities will be randomized to an intervention or control arm, and 480 women will be enrolled in each group. The participants will be followed up for eight months. Discussion This trial focuses on women who already adapted dual-method use and identifies their unique solutions to promote dual-method use. This trial could tackle barriers for dual-method use, which expert outsiders may fail to recognize, by analyzing and promulgating their unique behaviors. This study could provide evidence that the positive deviance approach can address unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections as well as other health problems which usual approaches have failed to address.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Behavioral Interventions to Increase Condom Use and Reduce Sexually Transmitted Infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori A. J. Scott-Sheldon ◽  
Tania B. Huedo-Medina ◽  
Michelle R. Warren ◽  
Blair T. Johnson ◽  
Michael P. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

scholarly journals A Review of Indian Perceptions on Condom Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Pratibha Wankhede ◽  
Mayur Wanjari
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Condom Usage ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
National Family Planning ◽  
The Media

In the late 1960s, India's National Family Planning Programme introduced condoms as one of the family planning methods. Since its inception, the condom has been promoted as a method of family planning through social marketing. With the rising prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as HIV/AIDS, the condom has been promoted as a dual method of protection against both unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Despite different initiatives at various levels, overall condom use among Indian couples remains low. In this paper, we examine the research on condom perception among Indian couples. The report specifically evaluates research and strategies designed to enhance condom usage among couples; predictors of condom use; reasons for not using a condom; and perception versus the experience of condom failure. Non-acceptance by partners, perceived ineffectiveness, reduced comfort, lack of sexual satisfaction, husband's alcohol usage, depression, and anxiety, and not being accessible at the time were among the reported condom-related issues. The importance of the media in promoting condom use was mentioned as a significant strategy to raise awareness and use. Acceptance of male condoms would be aided in a variety of ways.

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