Role of CFD based in silico modelling in establishing an in vitro-in vivo correlation of aerosol deposition in the respiratory tract

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fen Huang ◽  
Qixuan Zhu ◽  
Xudong Zhou ◽  
Dazhao Gou ◽  
Jiaqi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Aerosol Deposition ◽  
In Silico Modelling

scholarly journals Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP–1B: In vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2243-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Ramírez-Espinosa ◽  
Maria Yolanda Rios ◽  
Sugey López-Martínez ◽  
Fabian López-Vallejo ◽  
José L. Medina-Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Ptp 1B

scholarly journals Prediction of Aerosol Deposition in the Human Respiratory Tract via Computational Models: A Review with Recent Updates

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Khac Hoang Bui ◽  
Ju-Young Moon ◽  
Minhe Chae ◽  
Duckshin Park ◽  
Young-Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aerosol Deposition ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract

The measurement of deposited aerosol particles in the respiratory tract via in vivo and in vitro approaches is difficult due to those approaches’ many limitations. In order to overcome these obstacles, different computational models have been developed to predict the deposition of aerosol particles inside the lung. Recently, some remarkable models have been developed based on conventional semi-empirical models, one-dimensional whole-lung models, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics models, and artificial neural networks for the prediction of aerosol-particle deposition with a high accuracy relative to experimental data. However, these models still have some disadvantages that should be overcome shortly. In this paper, we take a closer look at the current research trends as well as the future directions of this research area.

scholarly journals Role of Bordetella O Antigen in Respiratory Tract Infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valorie C. Burns ◽  
Elizabeth J. Pishko ◽  
Andrew Preston ◽  
Duncan J. Maskell ◽  
Eric T. Harvill
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Major Surface

ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as the major surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria, interacts with the host in complex ways, both inducing and protecting against aspects of inflammatory and adaptive immunity. The membrane-distal repeated carbohydrate structure of LPS, the O antigen, can prevent antibody functions and may vary as a mechanism of immune evasion. Genes of the wbm locus are required for the assembly of O antigen on the animal pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica and the human pathogen B. parapertussis. However, the important human pathogen B. pertussis lacks these genes and a number of in vitro and in vivo characteristics associated with O antigen in other organisms. To determine the specific functions of O antigen in these closely related Bordetella subspecies, we compared wbm deletion (Δwbm) mutants of B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis in a variety of assays relevant to natural respiratory tract infection. Complement was not activated or depleted by wild-type bordetellae expressing O antigen, but both Δwbm mutants activated complement and were highly sensitive to complement-mediated killing in vitro. Although the O-antigen structures appear to be substantially similar, the two mutants differed strikingly in their defects within the respiratory tract. The B. parapertussis Δwbm mutant was severely defective in colonization of the tracheas and lungs of mice, while the B. bronchiseptica Δwbm mutant showed almost no defect. While in vitro characteristics such as serum resistance may be attributable to O antigen directly, the role of O antigen during infection appears to be more complex, possibly involving factors differing among the closely related bordetellae or different interactions between each one and its host.

scholarly journals In Silico Experiments in Scientific Papers on Molecular Biology

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Sabrina Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Technical Object ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Scientific Papers

This article explores the role of the so-called in silico experiments used in molecular biology. It is based on the analysis of some papers that present scientific applications which rely on in silico experiments. By means of this study I found two basic ways of viewing them. According to the first view, the in silico experiment is a computer program that realizes some specific operations: it constitutes some particular experimental conditions, which allow us to investigate biological phenomena, and which complement those present in in vivo and in vitro experiments. According to the second view, in silico experimentation has a different meaning, which corresponds more closely to the meaning of “simulation”: its identity is linked to that of the “model” used to construct such simulation. The authors of the analysed papers never express an intention to standardize a model, so its meaning remains contingent, and cannot be turned into a technical object.

scholarly journals Strain-Dependent Role of BrkA during Bordetella pertussis Infection of the Murine Respiratory Tract

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 5919-5924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly D. Elder ◽  
Eric T. Harvill
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Redundant Functions

ABSTRACT Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, expresses many virulence factors believed to be involved in infection and disease progression. While these factors as a group are required for infection, deletion of individual virulence factor genes generally has limited effects on the ability of B. pertussis to efficiently infect the respiratory tract of mice, suggesting they may perform noncritical or redundant functions. We have recently observed that a B. pertussis strain, putatively with a mutation of a single gene, brkA, results in a severe defect in vivo. Although BrkA has been shown to be required for B. pertussis to resist complement-mediated killing in vitro, the relevance of these findings to the in vivo role of BrkA during infection has not been examined. Transducing this mutation into multiple wild-type B. pertussis strains allowed us to confirm the in vitro phenotype of reduced resistance to serum complement. All ΔbrkA mutants were increased in their sensitivity to complement in vitro, both in the presence and absence of antibodies. However, these strains differed substantially in their phenotypes in vivo. ΔbrkA mutants of recent clinical isolates were indistinguishable from wild-type strains in their efficient infection of respiratory organs, suggesting that the function of BrkA in these strains is noncritical or redundant. In contrast, multiple ΔbrkA strains derived from Tohama I were severely defective during the first week postinoculation compared to their wild-type parent. This defect was present even in complement-deficient mice, revealing a complement-independent phenotype for the ΔbrkA mutant in respiratory tract infection.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

Anti-obesity role of Aster glehni extract: in vivo and in vitro effects

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Lee ◽  
TG Ahn ◽  
CW Kim ◽  
HJ An
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Effects
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document