Challenges and obstacles of ocular pharmacokinetics and drug delivery

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Urtti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ocular Pharmacokinetics

scholarly journals Topical Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Marina Löscher ◽  
Chiara Seiz ◽  
José Hurst ◽  
Sven Schnichels
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Ocular Drug Delivery ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Topical Drug Delivery ◽  
Ocular Pharmacokinetics

Topical drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is a very complex challenge. However, topical delivery is highly desired, to achieve an easy-to-use treatment option for retinal diseases. In this review, we focus on the drug characteristics that are relevant to succeed in this challenge. An overview on the ocular barriers that need to be overcome and some relevant animal models to study ocular pharmacokinetics are given. Furthermore, a summary of substances that were able to reach the posterior segment after eye drop application is provided, as well as an outline of investigated delivery systems to improve ocular drug delivery. Some promising results of substances delivered to the retina suggest that topical treatment of retinal diseases might be possible in the future, which warrants further research.

Challenges in Ocular Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery

2016 ◽  
pp. 593-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce S. Macwan ◽  
Anjali Hirani ◽  
Yashwant Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ocular Pharmacokinetics

scholarly journals The ocular pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of phospho-sulindac (OXT-328) formulated in nanoparticles: Enhanced and targeted tissue drug delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 557 ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Wen ◽  
Natsuko Muratomi ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Liqun Huang ◽  
Jinfeng Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ocular Pharmacokinetics

scholarly journals The Role of Xenobiotic Transporters in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagendra Chemuturi ◽  
Jaime A Yanez
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Ocular Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug ◽  
Ocular Exposure ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The eye is a very complex sensory organ consisting of numerous structures to coordinate the function of sight. It has a series of physical and chemical barriers to help maintain its homeostasis, and mediate environmental exposures. Transporters in the eye play a very important role in maintaining homeostasis by facilitating the movement of ions, nutrients and xenobiotics to various tissues in the eye, especially to non-vascular tissues like the lens and cornea. They also ensure proper cell signaling by shuttling neurotransmitters within the retina. Thus, they are expected to play an important role in determining the ocular exposure of drugs and other pharmacotherapeutics. However, the role of ocular transporters in ophthalmic drug delivery and their clinical relevance has not been well characterized. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the current evidence in the literature on ocular drug transporters and their role in ocular drug delivery, with the emphasis predominantly on their role in ocular pharmacokinetics. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW.  Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page. 

Techniques For The Preparation of Tissue Samples Containing Injectable Polymer Microcapsules

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G.E. Visscher ◽  
R. L. Robison ◽  
G. J. Argentieri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Injectable Polymer ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The use of various bioerodable polymers as drug delivery systems has gained considerable interest in recent years. Among some of the shapes used as delivery systems are films, rods and microcapsules. The work presented here will deal with the techniques we have utilized for the analysis of the tissue reaction to and actual biodegradation of injectable microcapsules. This work has utilized light microscopic (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic techniques. The design of our studies has utilized methodology that would; 1. best characterize the actual degradation process without artifacts introduced by fixation procedures and 2. allow for reproducible results.In our studies, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was chosen as the injection site. Prior to the injection of microcapsules the skin above the sites was shaved and tattooed for later recognition and recovery. 1.0 cc syringes were loaded with the desired quantity of microcapsules and the vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethycellulose) drawn up. The syringes were agitated to suspend the microcapsules in the injection vehicle.

Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-675
Author(s):  
Parasuraman Padmanabhan ◽  
Mathangi Palanivel ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Domokos Máthé ◽  
George K. Radda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Preclinical Animal Models

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect the ageing population worldwide and while severely impairing the quality of life of millions, they also cause a massive economic burden to countries with progressively ageing populations. Parallel with the search for biomarkers for early detection and prediction, the pursuit for therapeutic approaches has become growingly intensive in recent years. Various prospective therapeutic approaches have been explored with an emphasis on early prevention and protection, including, but not limited to, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Many pharmacological interventions have proved to be promising novel avenues, but successful applications are often hampered by the poor delivery of the therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a promising option, as NP-based drug delivery systems can be functionalized to target specific cell surface receptors and to achieve controlled and long-term release of therapeutics to the target tissue. The usefulness of NPs for loading and delivering of drugs has been extensively studied in the context of NDDs, and their biological efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical animal models. Efforts have also been made towards the development of NPs which can be used for targeting the BBB and various cell types in the brain. The main focus of this review is to briefly discuss the advantages of functionalized NPs as promising theranostic agents for the diagnosis and therapy of NDDs. We also summarize the results of diverse studies that specifically investigated the usage of different NPs for the treatment of NDDs, with a specific emphasis on AD and PD, and the associated pathophysiological changes. Finally, we offer perspectives on the existing challenges of using NPs as theranostic agents and possible futuristic approaches to improve them.

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