scholarly journals Mood & alcohol-related attentional biases: New considerations for gender differences and reliability of the visual-probe task

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah N. Emery ◽  
Jeffrey S. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Visual Probe

scholarly journals Predictive attentional bias modification induces stimulus-evoked attentional bias for threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Gladwin ◽  
Martin Möbius ◽  
Eni S. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Cognitive Response ◽  
Attentional Bias Modification ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Visual Probe ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Test ◽  
Bias Modification

Attentional Bias Modification (ABM) aims to modulate attentional biases, but questions remain about its efficacy and there may be new variants yet to explore. The current study tested effects of a novel version of ABM, predictive ABM (predABM), using visually neutral cues predicting the locations of future threatening and neutral stimuli that had a chance of appearing after a delay. Such effects could also help understand anticipatory attentional biases measured using cued Visual Probe Tasks. One hundred and two participants completed the experiment online. We tested whether training Towards Threat versus Away from Threat contingencies on the predABM would cause subsequent attentional biases towards versus away from threat versus neutral stimuli, respectively. Participants were randomly assigned and compared on attentional bias measured via a post-training Dot-Probe task. A significant difference was found between the attentional bias in the Towards Threat versus Away from Threat group. The training contingencies induced effects on bias in the expected direction, although the bias in each group separately did not reach significance. Stronger effects may require multiple training sessions. Nevertheless, the primary test confirmed the hypothesis, showing that the predABM is a potentially interesting variant of ABM. Theoretically, the results show that automatization may involve the process of selecting the outcome of a cognitive response, rather than a simple stimulus-response association. Training based on contingencies involving predicted stimuli affect subsequent attentional measures and could be of interest in future clinical studies.

Money talks in attention bias modification: Reward in a dot-probe task affects attentional biases

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ólafía Sigurjónsdóttir ◽  
Andri S. Björnsson ◽  
Sigurbjörg J. Ludvigsdóttir ◽  
Árni Kristjánsson
Keyword(s):  
Attention Bias ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Dot Probe ◽  
Attention Bias Modification ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Bias Modification

The effects of priming in a cued dot-probe task on appearance-related attentional biases in women

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben R. Lane ◽  
Kate E. Mulgrew ◽  
Doug Mahar ◽  
Melanie J. White ◽  
Siobhan A. Loughnan
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Dot Probe ◽  
Probe Task

scholarly journals Measuring Food-Related Attentional Bias

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Franja ◽  
Anna E. McCrae ◽  
Tina Jahnel ◽  
Ashley N. Gearhardt ◽  
Stuart G. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Visual Probe ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Objective: Food-related attentional bias has been defined as the tendency to give preferential attention to food-related stimuli. Attentional bias is of interest as studies have found that increased attentional bias is associated with obesity; others, however, have not. A possible reason for mixed results may be that there is no agreed upon measure of attentional bias: studies differ in both measurement and scoring of attentional bias. Additionally, little is known about the stability of attentional bias over time. The present study aims to compare attentional bias measures generated from commonly used attentional bias tasks and scoring protocols, and to test re-test reliability.Methods: As part of a larger study, 69 participants (67% female) completed two food-related visual probe tasks at baseline: lexical (words as stimuli), and pictorial (pictures as stimuli). Reaction time bias scores (attentional bias scores) for each task were calculated in three different ways: by subtracting the reaction times for the trials where probes replaced (1) neutral stimuli from the trials where the probes replaced all food stimuli, (2) neutral stimuli from the trials where probes replaced high caloric food stimuli, and (3) neutral stimuli from low caloric food stimuli. This resulted in three separate attentional bias scores for each task. These reaction time results were then correlated. The pictorial visual probe task was administered a second time 14-days later to assess test-retest reliability.Results: Regardless of the scoring use, lexical attentional bias scores were minimal, suggesting minimal attentional bias. Pictorial task attentional bias scores were larger, suggesting greater attentional bias. The correlation between the various scores was relatively small (r = 0.13–0.20). Similarly, test-retest reliability for the pictorial task was poor regardless of how the test was scored (r = 0.20–0.41).Conclusion: These results suggest that at least some of the variation in findings across attentional bias studies could be due to differences in the way that attentional bias is measured. Future research may benefit from either combining eye-tracking measurements in addition to reaction times.

scholarly journals Threat-Related Attentional Biases in Police Officers and Martial Artists: Investigating Potential Differences Using the E-Stroop and Dot Probe Task

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824401771277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario S. Staller ◽  
Benjamin Zaiser ◽  
Swen Körner ◽  
Jon C. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Dot Probe ◽  
Probe Task

The blocking effect in associative learning involves learned biases in rapid attentional capture

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Luque ◽  
Miguel A. Vadillo ◽  
María J. Gutiérrez-Cobo ◽  
Mike E. Le Pelley
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Attentional Models ◽  
The Relationship

Blocking refers to the finding that less is learned about the relationship between a stimulus and an outcome if pairings are conducted in the presence of a second stimulus that has previously been established as a reliable predictor of that outcome. Attentional models of associative learning suggest that blocking reflects a reduction in the attention paid to the blocked cue. We tested this idea in three experiments in which participants were trained in an associative learning task using a blocking procedure. Attention to stimuli was measured 250 ms after onset using an adapted version of the dot probe task. This task was presented at the beginning of each learning trial (Experiments 1 and 2) or in independent trials (Experiment 3). Results show evidence of reduced attention to blocked stimuli (i.e. “attentional blocking”). In addition, this attentional bias correlated with the magnitude of blocking in associative learning, as measured by predictive-value judgments. Moreover, Experiments 2 and 3 found evidence of an influence of learning about predictiveness on memory for episodes involving stimuli. These findings are consistent with a central role of learned attentional biases in producing the blocking effect, and in the encoding of new memories.

scholarly journals Limited generalisation of changes in attentional bias following attentional bias modification with the visual probe task

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram Van Bockstaele ◽  
Elske Salemink ◽  
Susan M. Bögels ◽  
Reinout W. Wiers
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Attentional Bias Modification ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Visual Probe ◽  
Bias Modification

Attentional biases in eating disorders: A visual probe detection procedure

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Rieger ◽  
David E. Schotte ◽  
Stephen W. Touyz ◽  
P. J. V. Beumont ◽  
Rosalyn Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Probe Detection ◽  
Visual Probe

Attentional biases in patients suffering from unipolar depression: results of a dot probe task investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Trapp ◽  
Christoph Kalzendorf ◽  
Corinna Baum ◽  
Göran Hajak ◽  
Stefan Lautenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Dot Probe ◽  
Probe Task
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