scholarly journals The impact of elevated posttraumatic stress on the efficacy of brief alcohol interventions for heavy drinking college students

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1719-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Monahan ◽  
Meghan E. McDevitt-Murphy ◽  
Ashley A. Dennhardt ◽  
Jessica R. Skidmore ◽  
Matthew P. Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Trajectories of reward availability moderate the impact of brief alcohol interventions on alcohol severity in heavy‐drinking young adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Murphy ◽  
Kevin W. Campbell ◽  
Keanan J. Joyner ◽  
Ashley A. Dennhardt ◽  
Matthew P. Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Interventions ◽  
Reward Availability ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Psychological Impact and Associated Factors During the Containment Stage of Covid-19 Epidemic Among College Students in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyu Si ◽  
Xiao-You Su ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Wen-Jun Wang ◽  
Xiao-Fen Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background College students are a uniquely vulnerable group and may experience high stress levels due to COVID-19. This study aims to identify the the psychological state and related factors on Chinese college students during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods From February 23 to March 5, 2020, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 3606 college students from seven provinces in China using standard questionnaires measuring adverse psychological outcomes and related factors including Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used to determine underlying constructs of the perceived threat items. Multivariate regression was used to explore the determinants of adverse psychological impact. Results Posttraumatic stress (PTS) were prevalent in this sample of college students, and 34.22% met the cut-off for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The proportion of having mild to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were 15.70%, 13.31% and 7.10%, respectively. The impact of closed-off management on life, perceived threat and passive coping strategies were positively correlated to PTS and DASS scores, while knowledge score, perceived social support and active coping strategies were negatively correlated to DASS scores. Conclusions In summary, adverse psychological symptoms were prevalent among college students in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Identifying vulnerable populations and formulating correspondingly psychological interventions would be beneficial to improve the mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic.

scholarly journals Social-norms interventions for light and nondrinking students

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Neighbors ◽  
Megan Jensen ◽  
Judy Tidwell ◽  
Theresa Walter ◽  
Nicole Fossos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Social Norms Marketing ◽  
The Impact

Social-norms approaches to alcohol prevention are based on consistent findings that most students overestimate the prevalence of drinking among their peers. Most interventions have been developed for heavy-drinking students, and the applicability of social-norms approaches among abstaining or light-drinking students has yet to be evaluated. The present research aimed to evaluate the impact of two types of online social-norms interventions developed for abstaining or light-drinking students. Identification with other students was evaluated as a moderator. Participants included 423 freshmen and sophomore college students who reported never or rarely drinking at screening. Students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) personalized-norms feedback, (b) social-norms marketing ads, or (c) attention control. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Results provided some support for both interventions but were stronger for social-norms marketing ads, particularly among participants who identified more closely with other students.

scholarly journals Photography-based mobile assessment of alcohol use in young adults: Feasibility and comparison to standard assessment methodology (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tera L Fazzino ◽  
Corby Martin ◽  
Kelsie Forbush
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Standard Assessment ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol use is prevalent among young adults and may contribute to obesity. However, measurement tools for assessing caloric intake from alcohol are limited and rely on self-report, which is prone to biases. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the pilot study was to conduct feasibility testing of SmartIntake®, a photo-based smartphone app, to assess alcohol use among young adults. Aims consisted of 1) quantifying the ability of SmartIntake® to capture drinking behavior; 2) assessing app usability with the Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ); 3) conducting a qualitative interview; and 4) comparing preference, compliance, and alcohol use estimates (calories, grams per drinking episode) between SmartIntake® and online diet recalls that participants completed for a parent study. METHODS College students (N=15) who endorsed a pattern of heavy drinking were recruited from a larger study examining the impact of drinking on weight. Participants used SmartIntake® to send photographs of all alcohol and food intake over a three-day period, and then completed a follow up interview and the CSUQ. CSUQ items range from 1-7, with lower scores indicating greater usability. Total number of drinking occasions was determined by adding the number of drinking occasions captured by SmartIntake® plus the number of drinking occasions participants reported that they missed capturing. Compliance was defined by the number of days participants provided food/beverage photo data through the app, or the number of diet recalls completed. RESULTS The SmartIntake® app captured 13 of 15 (87%) drinking occasions. Participants rated the app as highly usable in the CSUQ (M= 2.28). Most participants (93%) preferred using SmartIntake® vs. recalls and compliance was significantly higher with SmartIntake® than recalls (93% vs 78%; P= .04). Alcohol grams and calories per drinking occasion were not significantly different between the two methods (P values range .25-.99); however triple the number of participants submitted alcohol reports with SmartIntake® compared to the diet recalls (SmartIntake® 9/15 vs recalls 3/15; P=.06). CONCLUSIONS SmartIntake® was well accepted by college students who drink heavily and captured most drinking occasions. Participants had higher compliance with SmartIntake® compared to diet recalls and triple the number of participants reported alcohol use with SmartIntake®, suggesting this method may be well suited to assessing alcohol use in young adults.

#BingeDrinking: Using Social Media to Understand College Binge Drinking (Preprint)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Cirillo ◽  
Jennifer Halbert ◽  
Jessica Gomez Smith ◽  
Nour Sami Alamiri ◽  
Karen Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Reputation Management ◽  
Student Culture ◽  
Student Drinking ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Hazardous drinking among college students persists, despite ongoing university alcohol education and harmful drinking intervention programs. College students often post comments or pictures about drinking episodes on social media platforms. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the real-time contexts of student drinking that are shown on social media platforms, and to identify opportunities to reduce alcohol-related harms and inform novel alcohol interventions. METHODS We analyzed social media posts from 7 social media platforms using qualitative inductive coding based on grounded theory to identify the contexts of student drinking, and the attitudes and behaviors of students and peers during drinking episodes. We reviewed publicly available social media posts that included references to alcohol, collaborating with undergraduate students at one university to select their most-used platforms and develop locally-relevant search terms. We coded text and visual posts for explicit and implicit alcohol use, classified them as positive, neutral, or negative, and analyzed the frequency of each code. From codes, we derived themes about the student culture around alcohol use. RESULTS A total of 1,151 social media posts was the sample for this study. These included 809 Twitter tweets, 113 Instagram posts, 23 Facebook posts, 8 YouTube posts, 64 Reddit posts, 34 College Confidential posts, and 100 Greek Rank posts. Posts included implicit and explicit portrayal of alcohol use. Across all types of posts reviewed, we found that positive drinking attitudes were most common, followed by negative and then neutral, but valence varied by platform. Posts that portrayed drinking positively received positive peer feedback, and support the idea that drinking is an essential and positive part of student culture. CONCLUSIONS Social media provides a real-time picture of students’ behavior during their own and others’ heavy drinking. Posts portray heavy drinking as a normal part of student culture, reinforced by peers’ positive feedback on posts. Interventions for college drinking should help students manage alcohol intake in real-time, provide safety information during alcohol use, and raise awareness of online privacy concerns and reputation management. Additional interventions for students, alumni, and parents are needed to address the impact of positive attitudes about and traditions of drinking.

Childbirth and Posttraumatic Stress Responses

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Olde ◽  
Rolf J. Kleber ◽  
Onno van der Hart ◽  
Victor J.M. Pop
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
The Impact

Childbirth has been identified as a possible traumatic experience, leading to traumatic stress responses and even to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in a group of women who recently gave birth (N = 435). In addition, a comparison was made between the original IES and the IES-R. The scale showed high internal consistency (α = 0.88). Using confirmatory factor analysis no support was found for a three-factor structure of an intrusion, an avoidance, and a hyperarousal factor. Goodness of fit was only reasonable, even after fitting one intrusion item on the hyperarousal scale. The IES-R correlated significantly with scores on depression and anxiety self-rating scales, as well as with scores on a self-rating scale of posttraumatic stress disorder. Although the IES-R can be used for studying posttraumatic stress reactions in women who recently gave birth, the original IES proved to be a better instrument compared to the IES-R. It is concluded that adding the hyperarousal scale to the IES-R did not make the scale stronger.

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