The effect of alcohol on body size discrepancy and self-awareness in young women

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2340-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Wolfe ◽  
Stephen A. Maisto
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Size Discrepancy

scholarly journals A RESEARCH OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE CORPOREALITY OF YOUNG WOMEN IN THE CONTEXT OF PHENOMENOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Eugenia Kalyuzhna ◽  
◽  
Nina Savchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Phenomenological Experience ◽  
Psychological Features

The article offers the results of an experimental study of the psychological characteristics of the corporeality of young women by the phenomenological method. The properties of a woman's consciousness as her phenomenological experience are substantiated. Sensory cognition has been shown to be a true form of cognition, but consciousness interprets phenomena, and phenomenological experience is possible only through reflection specifically aimed at personal subjective experience. It is established that physical experience allows a woman to understand the environment, to integrate into it. The objectives of the study were to determine indicators of psychosomatic potential, competencies of verbalization of the bodily self and the locus of bodily control of young women; generalization of indicators of types of self-awareness and self-reflection of bodily potential of young women. It was found that the sample consisted of women who did not have serious mental disorders, so the mental ability to see in the body the cause and effect of events in the internal and external space of man for these women is quite developed. The positive values ​​of self-awareness and self-reflection of the bodily potential of young women confirmed the positive emotional tone. Such psychological features of corporeality in young women in the context of phenomenology as: indicators of psychosomatic potential, competence of verbalization of bodily self and locus of bodily control, types of self-awareness and self-reflection of bodily potential are determined. The results of the study allowed us to state that the conformal type of self-reflection of bodily potential prevails among women and it can be argued that women aged 20 to 35 years are characterized by an insufficient level of self-reflection of bodily potential. In the future it is necessary to investigate the deep psychological conditionality of physicality in young women.

Body size preferences among young women in five Arab countries: a cross-cultural study

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman O. Musaiger
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The University

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to highlight body size preferences among university females in five Arab countries. Methods: The sample comprised 1134 females between 17 and 32 years old from universities in five Arab countries: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Oman and Syria. A silhouette figure scale was used to examine body size preferences. Results: There were significant differences between countries regarding female body size preferences (p<0.001) and for preferred body size for men (p<0.001). In general, the university females preferred a thinner body size for themselves than that perceived for men. Conclusion: There was a drastic change in body size preferences for women from plumpness to thinness. Sociocultural factors may play a role in the differences in the body size preferences between countries.

scholarly journals Body size preferences for women and adolescent girls living in Africa: A mixed-methods systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pradeilles ◽  
Michelle Holdsworth ◽  
Oluwabukola Olaitan ◽  
Ana Irache ◽  
Hibbah A. Osei-Kwasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Body Sizes

Abstract Objective: To synthesise evidence on body size preferences for females living in Africa and the factors influencing these. Design: Mixed-methods systematic review including searches on Medline, CINHAL, ASSIA, Web of Science and PsycINFO (PROSPERO CRD42015020509). A sequential-explanatory approach was used to integrate quantitative and qualitative findings. Setting: Urban and rural Africa. Participants: Studies of both sexes providing data on body size preferences for adolescent girls and women aged ≥10 years. Results: 73 articles from 21 countries were included: 50 quantitative, 15 qualitative and eight mixed methods. Most studies reported a preference for normal or overweight body sizes. Some studies of adolescent girls/young women indicated a preference for underweight. Factors influencing preferences for large(r) body sizes included: socio-demographic (e.g. education, rural residency), health-related (e.g. current Body Mass Index, pubertal status), psycho-social (e.g. avoiding HIV stigma) and socio-cultural factors (e.g. spouse’s preference, social standing, cultural norms). Factors influencing preferences for slim(mer) body sizes included: socio-demographic (e.g. higher socioeconomic status, urban residency, younger age), health-related (e.g. health knowledge, being nulliparous), psycho-social (e.g. appearance, body size perception as overweight/obese), and socio-cultural factors (e.g. peer pressure, media). Conclusions: A preference for overweight (not obese) body sizes among some African females means that interventions need to account for the array of factors that maintain these preferences. The widespread preference for normal weight is positive in public health terms, but the valorisation of underweight in adolescent girls/young women may lead to an increase in body dissatisfaction. Emphasis needs to be placed on education to prevent all forms of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Changes in The Prevalence Of Thin Bodies Biases Young Womens’ Judgements about Body Size

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Devine ◽  
Nathalie Germain ◽  
Stefan Ehrlich ◽  
Ben Eppinger
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Many ◽  
Concept Change

Body dissatisfaction is pervasive among young women in Western countries. Among the many forces that contribute to body dissatisfaction, the overrepresentation of thin bodies in visual media has received notable attention. In this study, we propose that prevalence-induced concept change may be one of the cognitive mechanisms that explain how beauty standards shift. We conducted a pre-registered online experiment with young women (N = 419) and found that when the prevalence of thin bodies in the environment increased, the concept of overweight expanded to include bodies that would otherwise be judged as normal. Exploratory analyses revealed significant individual differences in sensitivity to this effect, both in terms of women’s judgements about other bodies and their own. These results suggest that women’s judgements about other women’s bodies are biased by an overrepresentation of thinness. Policies that aim to increase size-inclusive representation in the media may be one way to curtail this influence.

Validation of self-ideal body size discrepancy as a measure of body dissatisfaction

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Williamson ◽  
David H. Gleaves ◽  
Philip C. Watkins ◽  
David G. Schlundt
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Ideal Body Size

“Learning to Be Myself”: Paths 2 the Future Career Development Curriculum for Young Women With Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Lindstrom ◽  
Kara A. Hirano ◽  
Angela Ingram ◽  
David S. DeGarmo ◽  
Cindy Post
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
College Readiness ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Career Options

Young women with disabilities often experience limited career options and opportunities. This study provides an overview and preliminary results from the “Paths 2 the Future” (P2F) curriculum designed to meet the unique career development needs of young women with disabilities. P2F includes 75 lessons covering topics of self-awareness, disability knowledge, gender identity, and career and college readiness. Survey data were collected from young women with learning, health, intellectual, and emotional disabilities who participated in the curriculum in four high schools ( N = 49). Paired sample t tests documented significant improvements from pretest to posttest scores for disability and gender awareness, vocational skills self-efficacy, self-realization, and an overall career development construct. Focus groups were conducted to gather feedback on participant experiences. Young women in the focus groups noted the unique benefits of a “girls only” class and described increases in self-awareness and personal empowerment.

Relations among Body Size Discrepancy, Gender, and Indices of Motivation and Achievement in High School Physical Education

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken R. Lodewyk ◽  
Kimberley L. Gammage ◽  
Philip J. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
High School Physical Education ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Education Participation

Increasing dropout rates in senior high school physical education, particularly among females, and unhealthy activity and obesity levels in youth have led to recommendations to assess potential contributing factors in physical education participation. Drawing from gender, body image, and social-cognitive theory, this study investigated relations between body size discrepancy, self-efficacy, test anxiety, and achievement in 316 high school physical education students. Gender differences were noted in body size discrepancy (females reported the desire to have a smaller body). Specifically in females, body size discrepancy predicted test anxiety, which predicted self-efficacy. Self-efficacy predicted achievement in both males and females. The results signal that gender-specific relations among these constructs are important factors to consider in the achievement scores of students in high school physical education. Physical education programs should model curricula and instructional practices that defuse potentially harmful body image discrepancies that seem most poignant in females while engaging all learners to feel competent and safe.

Abstract P450: Young Women with Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk Burden have Poor Health Literacy

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy K Paul ◽  
Robert R Sciacca ◽  
Juviza K Rodriguez ◽  
Elsa-Grace V Giardina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cvd Risk

Introduction: Young women are thought to have low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however, mortality due to ischemic heart disease has actually risen among women aged 35-44 years. We hypothesized that young women with increased CVD risk burden are more likely to misperceive body image and less likely to practice healthful behaviors. Methods: To determine CVD risk burden among young women (aged 18-49 years) of a primarily urban population, 569 women visiting outpatient medical clinics were assessed. Anthropometric measures [height, weight, waist, body mass index (BMI)], attitudes towards weight, and lifestyle behavior were determined. Body image self-perception was assessed using validated silhouette scales. Increased CVD risk burden was defined as presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, hyperlipidemia, and/or obesity. Results: Participants were Hispanic (62.7%; 357/569); non-Hispanic White (20.7%; 118/569); non-Hispanic Black (8.9%; 51/569) and Asian/other ethnicity (7.5%; 43/569); mean age was 35.9 years ± 8.1 and income $39,828 ± $20,229. BMI categories were: obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , 27.4%; 155/569); overweight (BMI 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m 2 , 29.0%; 164/569); normal (BMI 18.5 - 24.9, 41.2%; 233/569); and underweight (BMI ≤ 18.4; 2.3%; 13/569). Women without CVD risk burden were the reference standard. Nearly half (47.7%; 271/569) had increased CVD risk burden; and 33.5% (190/569) had ≥ 1 CVD risk factor, exclusive of obesity, including hypertension (18.0%), hyperlipidemia (11.5%), current tobacco use (10.2%), and diabetes mellitus (5.8%). Women with increased CVD risk were less likely to correctly identify body size (48.3% vs. 69.4%, p<0.0001). They were more likely to be concerned about weight (82.0% vs. 65.8%, p =0.01) and actively trying to lose weight (77.3% vs. 65.4%, p=0.03). But, they were less likely to read nutrition labels when making food choices (29.4% vs. 17.9%, p=0.03) and more likely to cite cost (18.7% vs. 12.1%, p=0.03) and difficulty implementing a weight loss regimen (22.2% vs. 15.6%, p=0.05) as barriers to losing weight. Most, regardless of CVD risk burden, knew blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar status. However, women with increased CVD risk burden were less likely to know cholesterol level (81.4% vs. 88.8%, p=0.02). Fewer obese women knew that tobacco contributes to CVD risk compared to non-obese women (92.3% vs. 96.6%, p=0.04). Conclusion: Paradoxically, though aware of their CVD risk factors and with heightened weight concerns, young women with increased CVD risk burden misperceive their body size and lack healthy behavior knowledge. A disconnect exists between this group’s recognition of their underlying risk and ability to modify their lifestyle to decrease CVD risk burden.

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