Representations in working memory yield interference effects found with externally-triggered representations

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Hubbard ◽  
Taylor Rigby ◽  
Christine A. Godwin ◽  
Adam Gazzaley ◽  
Ezequiel Morsella
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Interference Effects

scholarly journals Freeze or forget? Virtual attack effects in an Emotional Sternberg Task

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-358
Author(s):  
Thomas Edward Gladwin ◽  
Matthijs Vink
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Warning Signals ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
Neutral Face ◽  
Sternberg Task

Emotionally salient stimuli have the ability to disrupt cognitive processing. This kind of disruption involves effects on working memory and may be related to mental health problems. To explore the nature of such emotional interference on working memory, a Virtual Attack Emotional Sternberg Task (VAEST) was used. Neutral faces were presented as distractors and warning signals, which were sometimes followed by a virtual attack, created by having the neutral face turn angry while the image was enlarged. The attack was hypothesized to have one of two effects: to disrupt cognitive processing and thereby increase interference effects, or to terminate a state of freezing and thereby reduce interference effects. The task was successfully completed online by a sample of 59 students. Results clearly show that the virtual attack caused a reduction of interference relative to no-attack trials. The apparent cognitive disruption caused by emotional distractors may thus reflect freezing, which can be reversed by a freeze-terminating stimulus.

scholarly journals Preservation of Interference Effects in Working Memory After Orbitofrontal Damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Llorens ◽  
Ingrid Funderud ◽  
Alejandro O. Blenkmann ◽  
James Lubell ◽  
Maja Foldal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Interference Effects

Interference Effects on the Recall of Words Heard and Read: Considerations for ATC Communication

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Risser ◽  
Danielle S. McNamara ◽  
Carryl L. Baldwin ◽  
Mark W. Scerbo ◽  
Immanuel Barshi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Data Link ◽  
Interference Task ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Memory Resources ◽  
Facilitated Recall

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of interference on memory for words that were either read or heard. Interference tasks required either visual, verbal, or central executive (CE) working memory resources. Experiment 1 examined effects of simultaneous interference, whereas Experiment 2 examined the effects of posttask (subsequent) interference. When interference occurred simultaneously with word presentation, the verbal and CE interference tasks were most disruptive, regardless of whether the words were read or heard. Furthermore, hearing words facilitated recall in comparison to reading words regardless of interference source. When the interference task followed word presentation, CE interference again was the most disruptive. However, the effects of the visual and verbal interference tasks were equivalent. These results are discussed with respect to communication mode in ATC messages to pilots (i.e., textual data-link messages vs. voice transmissions).

scholarly journals Freeing capacity in WM through the use of LTM representations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Maria Bartsch ◽  
Peter Shepherdson
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Low Performance

Previous research indicates that long-term memory (LTM) may contribute to performance in working memory (WM) tasks. Across three experiments we investigated the extent to which active maintenance in WM can be replaced by relying on information stored in episodic LTM, thereby freeing capacity for additional information in WM. First, participants encoded word pairs into LTM, and then completed a WM task, also involving word pairs. Crucially, the pairs presented in each WM trial comprised varying numbers of new pairs and the previously learned LTM pairs. Experiment 1 showed that recall performance in the WM task was unaffected when memory set size increased through the addition of LTM pairs, but that it deteriorated when set size increased through adding new pairs. In Experiment 2 we investigated the robustness of this effect, orthogonally manipulating the number of new and LTM pairs used in the WM task. When WM load was low, performance declined with the addition of LTM pairs, but remained superior to performance with the matched set size comprising only new pairs. By contrast, when WM load was higher, adding LTM pairs did not affect performance. In Experiment 3 we found that the benefit of LTM representations arises from retrieving these during the WM test, leading them to suffer from typical interference effects. We conclude that individuals can outsource workload to LTM to optimise performance, and that the WM system negotiates the exchange of information between WM and LTM depending on the current memory load.

Movement and Attention in Visual Working Memory

1986 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Quinn ◽  
G. E. Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Spatial Code ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Per Se ◽  
A Performance

Three experiments that adopt an interference technique to investigate the involvement of movement in the production of a spatial code are described. Arm movements rather than the more commonly employed eye movements are used to provide initial information about the sorts of movements relevant to the code and to allow an empirical separation of the contributions of movement and attention. The results confirm the interference effects of incompatible movement on the generation of the spatial code and show that movement per se rather than attention to the movement can cause a performance decrement.

Working memory in healthy aging and in Parkinson’s disease: evidence of interference effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Di Rosa ◽  
Doris Pischedda ◽  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Daniela Mapelli ◽  
Stefano Tamburin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Interference Effects

scholarly journals Different Interference Effects in Musicians and a Control Group

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Berti ◽  
Stefan Münzer ◽  
Erich Schröger ◽  
Thomas Pechmann
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Retention Interval ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Control Subjects

In the present study musicians and normal control subjects performed an S1-S2 pitch comparison task, which included the presentation of intervening tones during the retention interval. The time for encoding and storing the pitch of S1 was varied between 200 and 1,500 ms by changing the pause between the S1 offset and the onset of the intervening tones. Although musicians outperformed the control group with longer pauses after the S1 offset, this advantage was relatively small with shorter pauses. These results suggest that the advantage of musicians in storing auditory information is not solely due to their superior encoding of information but also to improved working memory operations.

scholarly journals Effects of frontal lobe damage on interference effects in working memory

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Thompson-Schill ◽  
John Jonides ◽  
Christy Marshuetz ◽  
Edwar'D E. Smith ◽  
Mark D'Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Frontal Lobe Damage

scholarly journals Are There Age Differences in the Executive Component of Working Memory? Evidence from Domain-General Interference Effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Rose ◽  
Joel Myerson ◽  
Mitchell S. Sommers ◽  
Sandra Hale
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Interference Effects
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