Spatial and temporal task characteristics as stress: A test of the dynamic adaptability theory of stress, workload, and performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Szalma ◽  
Grace W.L. Teo
Keyword(s):  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Adaptability Theory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Dynamic Adaptability

scholarly journals Promoting creativity and innovation: expected and unexpected consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Hong Nguyen ◽  
Angelina Nhat-Hanh Le
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
Unexpected Consequences

Purpose The paper aims to explore the role of climate for creativity and innovation as the situational variable to lead to both expected and unexpected consequences (e.g. performance and unethical behavior), by discovering the relationships among task characteristics (e.g. difficulty, clarity and performance pressure), individual psychological aspects (e.g. mindfulness and self-justification) and work environmental conditions (e.g. peer behavior and climate for creativity and innovation). In this study, task characteristics are proposed to positively associate with unethical behavior via mindfulness. Moreover, climate for creativity and innovation is proposed to moderate the relationship between self-justification and unethical behavior. Finally, unethical behavior is predicted to positively influence on performance. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from the sample of salespeople, who are working for variety of companies in Vietnam. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and SmartPLS 3 are implemented to test the path model. Findings Emphasizing both bright and dark sides of promoting creativity and innovation, the study highlights the role of climate for creativity and innovation in strengthening the positive relationship between self-justification and unethical behavior. In turn, unethical behavior positively influences performance. Further, the findings indicate that mindfulness contributes in explaining unconscious unethical behavior. Originality/value Exploring the relationships among climate for creativity and innovation, unethical behavior and performance, this paper contributes for deeper understanding of variety aspects of innovation. Demands for an intelligent management in modern workplaces are suggested.

Three-Dimension Thermal Hydraulic Analysis of Stationary Target Plate for Highly Intensified Neutron Generator (HINEG)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhou Li ◽  
Hongli Chen ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Fengquan Song ◽  
Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Generator ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Target System ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Target Plate ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Stationary Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Thermal Hydraulic Analysis

Highly intensified neutron generator (HINEG) is a D-T neutron generator tritium target system; it can be used in researching fusion energy and advanced fission energy. The heat flux at the target plate is extraordinarily high, cooling the target plate effectively, limiting the working temperature, are the keys to keep the normal working of HINEG. This paper has simulated the 3D values of some different kind of target plate systems, using the computational fluid dynamics software and static analysis software, presented the stationary analysis results of temperature and fluid fields, as well as stress field. The flow and temperature distributions provide important data for advanced design and performance evaluation of HINEG.

scholarly journals Reduced Stroop interference under stress: Decreased cue utilisation, not increased executive control

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1522-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Booth
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
As Stress

Since the 1960s, researchers have been reporting that stress reduces Stroop interference. This is puzzling, as stress and anxiety typically have deleterious effects on cognitive control and performance. The traditional explanation is that stress reduces “cue utilisation”: It withdraws attentional resources from less relevant stimuli (including the distracter word), meaning that the target colour is left with a stronger influence over response selection. However, it could also be that stress somehow boosts distracter inhibition, or some other aspect of executive control. To test these two accounts, 59 students completed a Stroop task featuring occasional startlingly loud sounds (high stress) or the same sounds at a lower, comfortable volume (low stress). Alongside standard Stroop interference, two measures of executive control—negative priming and conflict adaptation—were calculated from the Stroop data. Stress produced a clear reduction of Stroop interference, but it did not influence negative priming, and no conflict adaptation effects were detected at all. These findings support the cue utilisation account. Furthermore, for the first time, stress was shown to reduce Stroop interference in a task with no congruent trials, showing that the effect does not result from stress’s modulating any strategy changes participants might make in response to congruent trials.

A Low-Cost and Simplified Digital Image Correlation Software Package for Use in Undergraduate Teaching Laboratories

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Hieb ◽  
Michael Hargather
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Undergraduate Teaching ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Undergraduate Laboratory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
As Stress

Digital image correlation (DIC) has become an industry staple quickly replacing classic techniques. High-speed images are taken of a material sample being deformed, then algorithms applied to calculate variables of sample deformation such as stress, strain, displacement and displacement velocity. Currently, the analysis technology is not available at the level of simplicity and accessibility needed to teach the methods in an undergraduate laboratory. This project aims to develop a single program to perform DIC that is simple to use, accurate, and available at low cost. This paper describes the state of current DIC algorithm research, drawbacks of available technologies, the development cycle of the software including the techniques used to obtain the necessary accuracy and performance, and a demonstration of the DIC functionality in comparison to results obtained from commercial software.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document