scholarly journals Diagnosis of cyanide poisoning using an automated, field-portable sensor for rapid analysis of blood cyanide concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 1098 ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesta Bortey-Sam ◽  
Randy Jackson ◽  
Obed A. Gyamfi ◽  
Subrata Bhadra ◽  
Caleb Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Blood Cyanide ◽  
Portable Sensor

scholarly journals Plasma lactate and blood cyanide in acute cyanide poisoning

BMJ ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 312 (7037) ◽  
pp. 1039-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Cook
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Blood Cyanide

Rapid multicomponent analysis of hemoglobin derivatives for controlled antidotal use of methemoglobin-forming agents in cyanide poisoning

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1685-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
W G Zijlstra ◽  
A Buursma
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Hemoglobin Derivatives ◽  
Oxygen Capacity ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
In Fire

Abstract When cyanide poisoning is treated with a methemoglobin-forming agent, oxidative metabolism is protected at the expense of the oxygen capacity of the blood. The affinity of methemoglobin for CN- is high enough to compete with cytochrome oxidase, which protects the latter from becoming blocked, but all hemoglobin used for this purpose is lost for the transport of oxygen. Therefore, the fractions of the various hemoglobin derivatives present in the blood should be carefully monitored during this kind of treatment. After we had developed a multiwavelength spectrophotometric method for this purpose, we studied the feasibility of using a modified commercial six-wavelength hemoglobin photometer (Radiometer OSM3) for easy and rapid analysis of methemoglobin and methemoglobin cyanide in small samples of blood. All conditions appeared to be fulfilled for the construction of a practical multiwavelength photometer for reliably monitoring methemoglobin therapy in patients with cyanide poisoning, even in the presence of carboxyhemoglobin, as often occurs in fire victims.

Cyanide Poisoning From Laetrile Ingestion: Role of Nitrite Therapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-272
Author(s):  
Alan H. Hall ◽  
Christopher H. Linden ◽  
Kenneth W. Kulig ◽  
Barry H. Rumack
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Cyanide Antidote ◽  
Blood Cyanide

A 4-year-old child ingested laetrile and almost died of cyanide poisoning. Treatment with the Lilly cyanide antidote kit resulted in rapid, complete recovery. Extremely high whole blood cyanide levels were documented. The necessity for use of the antidote kit in serious cyanide poisoning has recently been questioned. This case demonstrates benefit from antidotal treatment.

Blood cyanide and thiocyanate concentrations after administration of sodium nitroprusside as hypotensive agent in neurosurgery.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bogusz ◽  
J Moroz ◽  
J Karski ◽  
J Gierz ◽  
A Regieli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Hypotensive Agent ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Blood Cyanide ◽  
Thiocyanate Concentration

Abstract In a group of 50 neurosurgical patients receiving sodium nitroprusside as a hypotensive agent, in doses of 50--2131 microgram/kg body weight, whole blood cyanide was estimated before infusion of drug, during infusion, immediately after infusion, and 1 and 3 h later. Cyanide values increased significantly, reaching the maximum in a sample taken immediately after infusion (mean value, 333; highest value, 1800 microgram/liter). Values correlated closely with both dose and rate of infusion. Blood thiocyanate, estimated before, immediately after, and 3 h after the infusion, showed no significant changes in thiocyanate concentration. In any case, no signs or symptoms of cyanide or thiocyanate poisoning were observed. We conclude that sodium nitroprusside, in the proper dose and given at the proper rate, does not precipitate cyanide poisoning.

Protective Effect of Stroma-free Methemoglobin during Cyanide Poisoning in Dogs

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-564. ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Breen ◽  
Schlomo A. Isserles ◽  
Eric Tabac ◽  
Michael F. Roizen ◽  
Uri Z. Taitelman
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Venous Pco2 ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity ◽  
Blood Cyanide

Background During fire exposure, cyanide toxicity can block aerobic metabolism. Oxygen and sodium thiosulfate are accepted therapy. However, nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia, which avidly binds cyanide, decreases oxygen-carrying capacity that is already reduced by the presence of carboxyhemoglobin (inhalation of carbon monoxide in smoke). This study tested whether exogenous stroma-free methemoglobin (SFmetHb) can prevent depression of hemodynamics and metabolism during canine cyanide poisoning. Methods In 10 dogs (weighing 18.8 +/- 3.5 kg) anesthetized with chloralose-urethane and mechanically ventilated with air, baseline hemodynamic and metabolic measurements were made. Then, 137 +/- 31 ml of 12 g% SFmetHb was infused into five dogs (SFmetHb group). Finally, the SFmetHb group and the control group (n = 5, no SFmetHb) received an intravenous potassium cyanide infusion (0.072 mg.kg-1.min-1) for 20 min. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured with a Datex Deltatrac (Datex Instruments, Helsinki, Finland) metabolic monitor and cardiac output (QT) was measured by pulmonary artery thermodilution. Results From baseline to cyanide infusion in the control group, QT decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 2.9 +/- 0.8 to 1.5 +/- 0.4 l/min, mixed venous PCO2 (PvCO2) tended to decrease from 35 +/- 4 to 23 +/- 2 mmHg, PvO2 increased from 43 +/- 4 to 62 +/- 8 mmHg, VO2 decreased from 93 +/- 8 to 64 +/- 19 ml/min, and lactate increased from 2.3 +/- 0.5 to 7.1 +/- 0.7 mM. In the SFmetHb group, cyanide infusion did not significantly change these variables. From baseline to infused cyanide, the increases in blood cyanide (4.8 +/- 1.0 to 452 +/- 97 microM) and plasma thiocyanate cyanide (18 +/- 5 to 65 +/- 22 microM) in the SFmetHb group were significantly greater than those increases in the control group. SFmetHb itself caused no physiologic changes, except small decreases in heart rate and PvO2. Peak SFmetHb reached 7.7 +/- 1.0% of total hemoglobin. Conclusions Prophylactic intravenous SFmetHb preserved cardiovascular and metabolic function in dogs exposed to significant intravenous cyanide. Blood concentrations of cyanide, and its metabolite, thiocyanate, revealed that SFmetHb trapped significant cyanide in blood before tissue penetration.

Relation of blood cyanide to plasma cyanocobalamin concentration after a fixed dose of hydroxocobalamin in cyanide poisoning

The Lancet ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 346 (8975) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Houeto ◽  
P. Levillain ◽  
J.R. Hoffman ◽  
F.J. Baud ◽  
M. Imbert
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Blood Cyanide

scholarly journals Relation between plasma lactate and blood cyanide concentrations in acute cyanide poisoning

BMJ ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 312 (7022) ◽  
pp. 26-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J Baud ◽  
S. W Borron ◽  
E. Bavoux ◽  
A. Astier ◽  
J. R Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Blood Cyanide
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