Factors impacting bicyclist lateral position and velocity in proximity to commercial vehicle loading zones: Application of a bicycling simulator

Urban freight transport in Bologna: Planning commercial vehicle loading/unloading zones

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.04.013 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 5990-6001 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Giampaolo Dezi ◽

Giulio Dondi ◽

Cesare Sangiorgi

Keyword(s):

Commercial Vehicle ◽

Freight Transport ◽

Urban Freight ◽

Vehicle Loading ◽

Urban Freight Transport

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Studies on Energy Consumption of Electric Light Commercial Vehicle Powered by In-Wheel Drive Modules

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14227524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 7524

Author(s):

Piotr Szewczyk ◽

Andrzej Łebkowski

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Electric Drive ◽

Commercial Vehicle ◽

Real Data ◽

Drive System ◽

Vehicle Loading ◽

Light Commercial Vehicle ◽

Wheel Drive ◽

Electric Light ◽

Drive Systems

This article presents the results of energy consumption research for an electric light commercial vehicle (eLCV) powered by a centrally located motor (4 × 2 drive system) or motors placed in the vehicle’s wheels (4 × 4 drive system). For the considered constructions of electric drive systems, mathematical models of 4 × 2 and 4 × 4 drive systems were developed in the Modelica simulation environment, based on real data. Additionally, the influence of changes in the vehicle loading condition on the operation of the motor mounted in the wheel and the energy consumption of the drive module was investigated. On the basis of the conducted research, a comparative analysis of energy consumption by electric drive systems in 4 × 2 and 4 × 4 configurations was carried out for selected test cycles. The tests carried out with the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycles (WLTC) test cycle showed a roughly 6% lower energy consumption by the 4 × 4 drive system compared to the 4 × 2 configuration.

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Commercial Vehicle Parking in Downtown Seattle: Insights on the Battle for the Curb

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198119849062 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2673 (10) ◽

pp. 770-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriela del Carmen Girón-Valderrama ◽

José Luis Machado-León ◽

Anne Goodchild

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Commercial Vehicle ◽

Urban Freight ◽

The Road ◽

Road Users ◽

Vehicle Loading ◽

Detailed Classification ◽

Parking Management ◽

Advance Research ◽

Center City

Rapid urban growth puts pressure on local governments to rethink how they manage street curb parking. Competition for space among road users and lack of adequate infrastructure force delivery drivers either to search for vacant spaces or to park in unsuitable areas, which negatively impacts road capacity and causes inconvenience to other users of the road. The purpose of this paper is to advance research by providing data-based insight into what is actually happening at the curb. To achieve this objective, the research team developed and implemented a data collection method to quantify the usage of curb space in the densest urban area of Seattle, Center City. This study captures the parking behavior of commercial vehicles everywhere along the block face as well as the parking activities of all vehicles (including passenger vehicles) in commercial vehicle loading zones. Based on the empirical findings, important characteristics of Seattle’s urban freight parking operations are described, including a detailed classification of vehicle types, dwell time distribution, and choice of curb use for parking (e.g., authorized and unauthorized spaces). The relationship between land use and commercial vehicle parking operations at the curb is discussed. Seattle’s parking management initiatives will benefit from the insights into current behavior gained from this research.

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A simple way for producing holographic filters suitable for image improvement

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100108271 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 226-227

Author(s):

K.-H. Herrmann ◽

E. Reuber ◽

P. Schiske

Keyword(s):

Transfer Functions ◽

Diffraction Order ◽

Lateral Position ◽

Simple Method ◽

Spatial Frequencies ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Wiener Filters ◽

Image Improvement ◽

Optical Reconstruction ◽

Set Up

Aposteriori deblurring of high resolution electron micrographs of weak phase objects can be performed by holographic filters [1,2] which are arranged in the Fourier domain of a light-optical reconstruction set-up. According to the diffraction efficiency and the lateral position of the grating structure, the filters permit adjustment of the amplitudes and phases of the spatial frequencies in the image which is obtained in the first diffraction order.In the case of bright field imaging with axial illumination, the Contrast Transfer Functions (CTF) are oscillating, but real. For different imageforming conditions and several signal-to-noise ratios an extensive set of Wiener-filters should be available. A simple method of producing such filters by only photographic and mechanical means will be described here.A transparent master grating with 6.25 lines/mm and 160 mm diameter was produced by a high precision computer plotter. It is photographed through a rotating mask, plotted by a standard plotter.

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