From classic motor imagery to complex movement intention decoding

Low-Cost Robotic Guide Based on a Motor Imagery Brain–Computer Interface for Arm Assisted Rehabilitation

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17030699 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 699 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eduardo Quiles ◽

Ferran Suay ◽

Gemma Candela ◽

Nayibe Chio ◽

Manuel Jiménez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Imagery ◽

Brain Computer Interface ◽

Low Cost ◽

Computer Interface ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Rehabilitation Process ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Strategy Versus ◽

Efficient Alternative ◽

Movement Intention

Motor imagery has been suggested as an efficient alternative to improve the rehabilitation process of affected limbs. In this study, a low-cost robotic guide is implemented so that linear position can be controlled via the user’s motor imagination of movement intention. The patient can use this device to move the arm attached to the guide according to their own intentions. The first objective of this study was to check the feasibility and safety of the designed robotic guide controlled via a motor imagery (MI)-based brain–computer interface (MI-BCI) in healthy individuals, with the ultimate aim to apply it to rehabilitation patients. The second objective was to determine which are the most convenient MI strategies to control the different assisted rehabilitation arm movements. The results of this study show a better performance when the BCI task is controlled with an action–action MI strategy versus an action–relaxation one. No statistically significant difference was found between the two action–action MI strategies.

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The loading of motor imagery

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e527352012-514 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew B. Slifkin

Keyword(s):

Motor Imagery

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Experience Influences Brain Mechanisms of Watching Dance

Dance Research ◽

10.3366/drs.2011.0024 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (supplement) ◽

pp. 352-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Seon Hee Jang ◽

Frank E Pollick

Keyword(s):

Motor Imagery ◽

Visual Experience ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Action Observation ◽

Brain Area ◽

Retrosplenial Cortex ◽

Imagery Task ◽

Temporoparietal Junction ◽

Action Observation Network ◽

Viewing Experience

The study of dance has been helpful to advance our understanding of how human brain networks of action observation are influenced by experience. However previous studies have not examined the effect of extensive visual experience alone: for example, an art critic or dance fan who has a rich experience of watching dance but negligible experience performing dance. To explore the effect of pure visual experience we performed a single experiment using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to compare the neural processing of dance actions in 3 groups: a) 14 ballet dancers, b) 10 experienced viewers, c) 12 novices without any extensive dance or viewing experience. Each of the 36 participants viewed short 2-second displays of ballet derived from motion capture of a professional ballerina. These displays represented the ballerina as only points of light at the major joints. We wished to study the action observation network broadly and thus included two different types of display and two different tasks for participants to perform. The two different displays were: a) brief movies of a ballet action and b) frames from the ballet movies with the points of lights connected by lines to show a ballet posture. The two different tasks were: a) passively observe the display and b) imagine performing the action depicted in the display. The two levels of display and task were combined factorially to produce four experimental conditions (observe movie, observe posture, motor imagery of movie, motor imagery of posture). The set of stimuli used in the experiment are available for download after this paper. A random effects ANOVA was performed on brain activity and an effect of experience was obtained in seven different brain areas including: right Temporoparietal Junction (TPJ), left Retrosplenial Cortex (RSC), right Primary Somatosensory Cortex (S1), bilateral Primary Motor Cortex (M1), right Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC), right Temporal Pole (TP). The patterns of activation were plotted in each of these areas (TPJ, RSC, S1, M1, OFC, TP) to investigate more closely how the effect of experience changed across these areas. For this analysis, novices were treated as baseline and the relative effect of experience examined in the dancer and experienced viewer groups. Interpretation of these results suggests that both visual and motor experience appear equivalent in producing more extensive early processing of dance actions in early stages of representation (TPJ and RSC) and we hypothesise that this could be due to the involvement of autobiographical memory processes. The pattern of results found for dancers in S1 and M1 suggest that their perception of dance actions are enhanced by embodied processes. For example, the S1 results are consistent with claims that this brain area shows mirror properties. The pattern of results found for the experienced viewers in OFC and TP suggests that their perception of dance actions are enhanced by cognitive processes. For example, involving aspects of social cognition and hedonic processing – the experienced viewers find the motor imagery task more pleasant and have richer connections of dance to social memory. While aspects of our interpretation are speculative the core results clearly show common and distinct aspects of how viewing experience and physical experience shape brain responses to watching dance.

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