Engineering of Tomato Glandular Trichomes for the Production of Specialized Metabolites

2016 ◽  
pp. 305-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W.J. Kortbeek ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
A. Ramirez ◽  
E. Spyropoulou ◽  
P. Diergaarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Specialized Metabolites

scholarly journals Glandular trichomes: new focus on horticultural crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxuan Feng ◽  
Ezra S. Bartholomew ◽  
Ziyu Liu ◽  
Yuanyuan Cui ◽  
Yuming Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Unique Model ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

AbstractPlant glandular trichomes (GTs) are epidermal outgrowths with the capacity to biosynthesize and secrete specialized metabolites, that are of great scientific and practical significance. Our understanding of the developmental process of GTs is limited, and no single plant species serves as a unique model. Here, we review the genetic mechanisms of GT initiation and development and provide a summary of the biosynthetic pathways of GT-specialized metabolites in nonmodel plant species, especially horticultural crops. We discuss the morphology and classification of GT types. Moreover, we highlight technological advancements in methods employed for investigating GTs. Understanding the molecular basis of GT development and specialized metabolites not only offers useful avenues for research in plant breeding that will lead to the improved production of desirable metabolites, but also provides insights for plant epidermal development research.

scholarly journals Sclareol and linalyl acetate are produced by glandular trichomes through the MEP pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Chalvin ◽  
Stéphanie Drevensek ◽  
Françoise Gilard ◽  
Caroline Mauve ◽  
Christel Chollet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Methylerythritol Phosphate ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Salvia Sclarea

AbstractSclareol, an antifungal specialized metabolite produced by clary sage, Salvia sclarea, is the starting plant natural molecule used for the hemisynthesis of the perfume ingredient ambroxide. Sclareol is mainly produced in clary sage flower calyces; however, the cellular localization of the sclareol biosynthesis remains unknown. To elucidate the site of sclareol biosynthesis, we analyzed its spatial distribution in the clary sage calyx epidermis using laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LDI–FTICR-MSI) and investigated the expression profile of sclareol biosynthesis genes in isolated glandular trichomes (GTs). We showed that sclareol specifically accumulates in GTs’ gland cells in which sclareol biosynthesis genes are strongly expressed. We next isolated a glabrous beardless mutant and demonstrate that more than 90% of the sclareol is produced by the large capitate GTs. Feeding experiments, using 1-13C-glucose, and specific enzyme inhibitors further revealed that the methylerythritol-phosphate (MEP) biosynthetic pathway is the main source of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) precursor used for the biosynthesis of sclareol. Our findings demonstrate that sclareol is an MEP-derived diterpene produced by large capitate GTs in clary sage emphasing the role of GTs as biofactories dedicated to the production of specialized metabolites.

scholarly journals Evolution of a plant gene cluster in Solanaceae and emergence of metabolic diversity

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxiang Fan ◽  
Peipei Wang ◽  
Yann-Ru Lou ◽  
Bryan J Leong ◽  
Bethany M Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Metabolic Diversity ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Cluster Evolution ◽  
Pathway Gene ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Tomato Gene

Plants produce phylogenetically and spatially restricted, as well as structurally diverse specialized metabolites via multistep metabolic pathways. Hallmarks of specialized metabolic evolution include enzymatic promiscuity and recruitment of primary metabolic enzymes and examples of genomic clustering of pathway genes. Solanaceae glandular trichomes produce defensive acylsugars, with sidechains that vary in length across the family. We describe a tomato gene cluster on chromosome 7 involved in medium chain acylsugar accumulation due to trichome specific acyl-CoA synthetase and enoyl-CoA hydratase genes. This cluster co-localizes with a tomato steroidal alkaloid gene cluster and is syntenic to a chromosome 12 region containing another acylsugar pathway gene. We reconstructed the evolutionary events leading to this gene cluster and found that its phylogenetic distribution correlates with medium chain acylsugar accumulation across the Solanaceae. This work reveals insights into the dynamics behind gene cluster evolution and cell-type specific metabolite diversity.

scholarly journals Solanaceae specialized metabolism in a non-model plant: trichome acylinositol biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan J. Leong ◽  
Steven M. Hurney ◽  
Paul D. Fiesel ◽  
Gaurav D. Moghe ◽  
A. Daniel Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
South American ◽  
Common Evolutionary Origin ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Beneficial Organisms ◽  
Made In

AbstractPlants make hundreds of thousands of biologically active specialized metabolites varying widely in structure, biosynthesis and the processes that they influence. An increasing number of these compounds are documented to protect plants from harmful insects, pathogens, or herbivores, or mediate interactions with beneficial organisms including pollinators and nitrogen fixing microbes. Acylsugars – one class of protective compounds – are made in glandular trichomes of plants across the Solanaceae family. While most described acylsugars are acylsucroses, published examples also include acylsugars with hexose cores. The South American fruit crop Solanum quitoense (Naranjilla) produces acylsugars that contain a myo-inositol core. We identified an enzyme that acetylates triacylinositols, a function homologous to the last step in the Solanum lycopersicum acylsucrose biosynthetic pathway. Our analysis reveals parallels between S. lycopersicum acylsucrose and S. quitoense acylinositol biosynthesis, suggesting a common evolutionary origin.Material availabilityThe author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Robert L. Last ([email protected]).One sentence summaryEvidence that the final step in Solanum quitoense acylinositol biosynthesis evolved from an acylsucrose acetyltransferase enzyme.

An investigation into the ultrastructure and histochemistry of glandular trichomes of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] leaves

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 842-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Paul ◽  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
J.C. Ouzts
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Secretory Apparatus

Secretory trichomes have been described on johnsongrass leaves previously, but there is little knowledge of their ultrastructure or the nature of their secretion. Since johnsongrass is a pernicious weed, there is much interest in the nature of compounds found on its foliar surface, and the possible effect of these extrusions on herbicide efficiency. This report describes the results of an investigation into the ultrastructure of the secretory apparatus, and into the nature of the secretion.

Hop pellets type 90: ESEM studies of glandular trichomes morphological and structural changes during the different phases of hop processing

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Srečec ◽  
V. Zechner-Krpan ◽  
S. Marag ◽  
G. Mršić ◽  
I. Špoljarić
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Glandular Trichomes
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