Evolution, Regulation, and Function of N-terminal Variable Region of Troponin T: Modulation of Muscle Contractility and Beyond

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Jin
Keyword(s):  
Troponin T ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Complementary vasoactivity and matrix remodelling in arterial adaptations to altered flow and pressure

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (32) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Valentín ◽  
L Cardamone ◽  
S Baek ◽  
J.D Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Biomechanical Loading ◽  
Smooth Muscle Proliferation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Diverse Data ◽  
Induced Changes

Arteries exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt to sustained alterations in biomechanical loading, probably via mechanisms that are similarly involved in many arterial pathologies and responses to treatment. Of particular note, diverse data suggest that cell and matrix turnover within vasoaltered states enables arteries to adapt to sustained changes in blood flow and pressure. The goal herein is to show explicitly how altered smooth muscle contractility and matrix growth and remodelling work together to adapt the geometry, structure, stiffness and function of a representative basilar artery. Towards this end, we employ a continuum theory of constrained mixtures to model evolving changes in the wall, which depend on both wall shear stress-induced changes in vasoactive molecules (which alter smooth muscle proliferation and synthesis of matrix) and intramural stress-induced changes in growth factors (which alter cell and matrix turnover). Simulations show, for example, that such considerations help explain the different rates of experimentally observed adaptations to increased versus decreased flows as well as differences in rates of change in response to increased flows or pressures.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Adult Mosquitoes From Eight Locations in Hainan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Kang ◽  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Siping Li ◽  
Xiaomei Sun ◽  
Xiangyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Quality Filtering ◽  
And Function

The midgut microbial community composition, structure, and function of field-collected mosquitoes may provide a way to exploit microbial function for mosquito-borne disease control. However, it is unclear how adult mosquitoes acquire their microbiome, how the microbiome affects life history traits and how the microbiome influences community structure. We analyzed the composition of 501 midgut bacterial communities from field-collected adult female mosquitoes, including Aedes albopictus, Aedes galloisi, Culex pallidothorax, Culex pipiens, Culex gelidus, and Armigeres subalbatus, across eight habitats using the HiSeq 4000 system and the V3−V4 hyper-variable region of 16S rRNA gene. After quality filtering and rarefaction, a total of 1421 operational taxonomic units, belonging to 29 phyla, 44 families, and 43 genera were identified. Proteobacteria (75.67%) were the most common phylum, followed by Firmicutes (10.38%), Bacteroidetes (6.87%), Thermi (4.60%), and Actinobacteria (1.58%). The genera Rickettsiaceae (33.00%), Enterobacteriaceae (20.27%), Enterococcaceae (7.49%), Aeromonadaceae (7.00%), Thermaceae (4.52%), and Moraxellaceae (4.31%) were dominant in the samples analyzed and accounted for 76.59% of the total genera. We characterized the midgut bacterial communities of six mosquito species in Hainan province, China. The gut bacterial communities were different in composition and abundance, among locations, for all mosquito species. There were significant differences in the gut microbial composition between some species and substantial variation in the gut microbiota between individuals of the same mosquito species. There was a marked variation in different mosquito gut microbiota within the same location. These results might be useful in the identification of microbial communities that could be exploited for disease control.

Diminished Ca2+Sensitivity of Skinned Cardiac Muscle Contractility Coincident With Troponin T–Band Shifts in the Diabetic Rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Árvind Babu Akella ◽  
Xiao-Ling Ding ◽  
Rendi Cheng ◽  
Jagdish Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Muscle Contractility

Functional and evolutionary relationships of troponin C

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd E. Gillis ◽  
Christian R. Marshall ◽  
Glen F. Tibbits
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Thin Filament ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Troponin C ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Cross Bridges ◽  
And Function

Striated muscle contraction is initiated when, following membrane depolarization, Ca2+ binds to the low-affinity Ca2+ binding sites of troponin C (TnC). The Ca2+ activation of this protein results in a rearrangement of the components (troponin I, troponin T, and tropomyosin) of the thin filament, resulting in increased interaction between actin and myosin and the formation of cross bridges. The functional properties of this protein are therefore critical in determining the active properties of striated muscle. To date there are 61 known TnCs that have been cloned from 41 vertebrate and invertebrate species. In vertebrate species there are also distinct fast skeletal muscle and cardiac TnC proteins. While there is relatively high conservation of the amino acid sequence of TnC homologs between species and tissue types, there is wide variation in the functional properties of these proteins. To date there has been extensive study of the structure and function of this protein and how differences in these translate into the functional properties of muscles. The purpose of this work is to integrate these studies of TnC with phylogenetic analysis to investigate how changes in the sequence and function of this protein, integrate with the evolution of striated muscle.

scholarly journals Ig Constant Region Effects on Variable Region Structure and Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Janda ◽  
Anthony Bowen ◽  
Neil S. Greenspan ◽  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Variable Region ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Constant Region ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of troponin T for alterations in left ventricular mass and function in dialysis patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1884-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Mallamaci ◽  
Carmine Zoccali ◽  
Saverio Parlongo ◽  
Giovanni Tripepi ◽  
Francesco A. Benedetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Troponin T Core Structure and the Regulatory NH2-Terminal Variable Region†

Biochemistry ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1368-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Biesiadecki ◽  
Stephen M. Chong ◽  
Thomas M. Nosek ◽  
Jian-Ping Jin
Keyword(s):  
Troponin T ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Core Structure

scholarly journals Nonmyofilament-associated troponin T fragments induce apoptosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (1) ◽  
pp. H283-H292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euy-Myong Jeong ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Kun Xu ◽  
M. Moazzem Hossain ◽  
J.-P. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Nemaline Myopathy ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Nonmuscle Cells ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Troponin T (TnT) is a striated muscle-specific protein and an abundant component of the myofilaments. Nonmyofilament-associated TnT is rapidly degraded in myocytes, implying an importance in the maintenance of the cellular environment. However, if the level of nonmyofilament-associated TnT or TnT fragments exceeds the degradation capacity, it may cause cytotoxicity. To investigate this hypothesis, we constructed bicistronic vectors to express different portions of TnT polypeptide chain, together with nonfusion green fluorescent protein as a tracer for the transfection. Cytotoxicity of the TnT fragments was studied through forced expression in C2C12 myoblasts and human embryonic kidney-293 nonmuscle cells and examination of the viability of the transfected cells. The results demonstrated that, in the absence of myofilaments, the conserved COOH-terminal and middle fragments of TnT were highly effective on inducing cell death via apoptosis, whereas the NH2-terminal variable region was not. As combined effects, nonmyofilament-associated intact cardiac TnT and a COOH-terminal truncated slow TnT fragment found in Amish nemaline myopathy exhibited intermediate cytotoxicity. A particular significance of this finding is that peak releases of TnT or TnT fragments from decomposition of a large number of myofibrils in acute myocardial infarction may breach the cellular protection of proteolytic degradation and result in apoptosis as a potential cause for the loss of cardiomyocytes.

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