scholarly journals Human life expectancy is computed from an incomplete sets of data: Modeling and analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 379-389
Author(s):  
Arni S.R. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
James R. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Data Modeling ◽  
Modeling And Analysis

scholarly journals Water Quality and Life Expectancy: Parallel Courses in Time

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Andreas N. Angelakis ◽  
Heikki S. Vuorinen ◽  
Christos Nikolaidis ◽  
Petri S. Juuti ◽  
Tapio S. Katko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Concomitant Factors

Since ancient times, the need for healthy water has resulted in the development of various kinds of water supply systems. From early history, civilizations have developed water purification devices and treatment methods. The necessity for fresh water has influenced individual lives as well as communities and societies. During the last two hundred years, intensive and effective efforts have been made internationally for sufficient water quantity and quality. At the same time, human life expectancy has increased all over the globe at unprecedented rates. The present work represents an effort to sketch out how water purity and life expectancy have entangled, thus influencing one another. Water properties and characteristics have directly affected life quality and longevity. The dramatic increase in life expectancy has been, indisputably, affected by the improvement in water quality, but also in other concomitant factors, varying temporally and spatially in different parts of the world throughout the centuries. Water technologies and engineering have an unequivocal role on life expectancy. In some cases, they appear to have taken place earlier than the progress of modern medicine. Among these, improved sanitation, personal hygiene, progress in medicine, and better standards of economic living have played the greatest roles.

scholarly journals The discounted money value of human lives lost due to COVID-19 in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
Joses Muthuri Kirigia ◽  
Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Agriculture Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Value Of Health

PurposeTo estimate the discounted money value of human lives lost (DMVHL) due to COVID-19 in Spain.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs the human capital approach to estimate the DMVHL (assuming Spain's life expectancy of 83 years and a 3% discount rate) of the 20,453 human lives lost in Spain from COVID-19 as of 19 April 2020. Sensitivity analysis was conducted alternately assuming (a) 5% and 10% discount rate; and (b) global life expectancy of 72 years, and the world's highest life expectancy of 87.1 years.FindingsThe 20,453 human lives lost due to COVID-19 had a total DMVHL of Int$ 9,629,234,112, and an average of Int$ 470,798 per human life lost. Alternate re-estimation of the economic model with a 5% and 10% discount rates led to 19.8% and 47.4% reductions in the DMVHL, respectively. Re-calculation of the economic model using the global life expectancy of 72 years, while holding the discount rate constant at 3%, diminished the DMVHL by 41%. While the re-run of the same model using the world's highest life expectancy of 87.1 years instead, it increased the DMVHL by 18%.Research limitations/implicationsThe study omits the value of health systems inputs used in preventing, diagnosing and treating COVID-19 cases; and the negative impact of COVID-19 on the agriculture, education, finance, manufacturing, travel, tourism, and trade sectors.Social implicationsThere is a need to use this kind of evidence to advocate for increased investments into the strengthening of the national health system, IHR capacities, and coverage of safe water and sanitation facilities.Originality/valueIn Spain, no other study had attempted to estimate the net present value of human lives lost from COVID-19.

scholarly journals The AgeGuess database, an open online resource on chronological and perceived ages of people aged 5–100

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Barthold Jones ◽  
Ulrik W. Nash ◽  
Julien Vieillefont ◽  
Kaare Christensen ◽  
Dusan Misevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
Human Ageing ◽  
Perceived Age ◽  
Citizen Science Project

Abstract In many developed countries, human life expectancy has doubled over the last 180 years. Underlying this higher life expectancy is a change in how we age. Biomarkers of ageing are used to quantify changes in the aging process and to determine biological age. Perceived age is such a biomarker that correlates with biological age. Here we present a unique database rich with possibilities to study the human ageing process. Using perceived age enables us to collect large amounts of data on biological age through a citizen science project, where people upload facial pictures and guess the ages of other people at www.ageguess.org. The data on perceived age we present here span birth cohorts from the years 1877 to 2012. The database currently contains around 220,000 perceived age guesses. Almost 4500 citizen scientists from over 120 countries of origin have uploaded ~4700 facial photographs. Beyond studying the ageing process, the data present a wealth of possibilities to study how humans guess ages and who is better at guessing ages.

Simulation Modeling and Analysis of Fire Fighting Operations in the State of Kuwait

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Mehmet Savsar ◽  
Esra Aleisa
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
The State ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The State Of Kuwait

Emergency services, including firefighting operations, are complex processes and involve several activities in different stages that function together to achieve a main goal of preventing destruction in human life, property, and environment. This study uses discrete event simulation (DES) to model and improve firefighting operations in the state of Kuwait. The main objective is to reduce the response time required to reach an accident place. It is a life-saving criterion that needs to be considered. This study is conducted by collecting thorough data of fire operation department over a period of five years and accordingly creating a valid simulation model to analyse the system under current operational conditions nationwide. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify factors that were statistically proven to have positive effects in reducing response time. A simulation model was used as a medium to carry out these experiments. The results of simulation model were validated at 95% confidence level. The effectiveness of the analysis is examined by incorporating related parameters from the ANOVA model into simulation model. The response time was reduced from seven minutes to three minutes on average per incident per fire station.

Significance to human health of carbamazepine detected in fruits and vegetables irrigated with recycled water

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
The Individual

The relevance and significance of the findings of chemicals of emerging concern at nanogram concentrations in recycled water is critically important for the consumers of these crops. The relevance and significance of these chemicals at these concentrations is placed in perspective in terms of the number of years of consumption necessary to accrue one acceptable daily intake every day, over a lifetime, specifically for carbamazepine. In this paper, the number of years is calculated and found to far exceed the maximum human life expectancy, even assuming that the individual consumes a mix of fruits and vegetables irrigated with recycled water throughout an 80-year life span, excluding other food crops free from carbamazepine.

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