Exploitation of the hydrogen bond: recent developments in the context of crystal engineering

1994 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 357-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Subramanian ◽  
Michael J. Zaworotko
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Recent Developments

scholarly journals Cocrystals of Ethenzamide With 2-Nitrobenzoic Acid - Conformational Analysis, MD Simulations And DFT Investigations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sheena Mary ◽  
Y. Shyma Mary ◽  
Razieh Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Conformational Analysis ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stability Energy

Abstract In crystal engineering and pharmaceutical chemistry, cocrystals have a wide range of applications. Ethenzamide (EA) is found to form cocrystal with 2-nitrobenzoic acid (NBA). Geometry properties like stability energy, charge distribution, bond length, electronic properties and thermodynamic characteristics have been analyzed. The C-H…O hydrogen bond involves C-H of EA and oxygen of NBA. Configuration with the angle, N3-C4-C5-C6 gives the lowest energy conformation. Partition coefficient value suggests that EA-NBA has pharmaceutics behavior. RMSD values show the simulation’s relative stability and the complexes, remained stable throughout.

The CH/π Hydrogen Bond: Implication in Crystal Engineering

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Nishio ◽  
Yoji Umezawa ◽  
Hiroko Suezawa ◽  
Sei Tsuboyama
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Crystal Engineering

Polysulfonylamine, CXXVI [1] Wasserstoffbrücken in kristallinen Onium-dimesylamiden: Ein robustes Achtring-Synthon in Koexistenz mit einem dritten Wasserstoffbrückenmotiv - Cyclodimere, Ketten, supramolekulare Bindungsisomere und ein fünffach verwobenes dreidimensionales (C-H ∙∙∙ O - Netzwerk / Polysulfonylamines, CXXVI [1] Hydrogen Bonding in Crystalline Onium Dimesylamides: A Robust Eight- Membered Ring Synthon in Coexistence with a Third Hydrogen Bonding Motif - Cyclodimers, Chains, Supramolecular Linkage Isomers, and a Quintuply Interwoven Three-Dimensional C - H ∙∙∙ O Network

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 738-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Moers ◽  
Karna Wijaya ◽  
Ilona Lange ◽  
Armand Blaschette ◽  
Peter G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Donor ◽  
Linkage Isomers ◽  
Ionic Solids

As an exercise in crystal engineering, low-temperature X-ray structures were determined for six rationally designed ionic solids of general formula BH+(MeSO2)2N−, where BH+ is 2-aminopyridinium (2, monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z = 4), 2-aminopyrimidinium (3, orthorhombic, Pbca, Z = 8), 2-aminothiazolium (4, orthorhombic, Pbcn, Z = 8), 2-amino-6-methylpyridinium (5, solvated with 0.5 H20, monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 8), 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazolium (6, triclinic, P1̄, Z = 2), or 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidinium (7, orthorhombic. Fdd2, Z = 16). The onium cations in question exhibit a trifunctional hydrogen-bond donor sequence H − N (H*)-C (sp2) − N − H , which is complementary to an O − S (sp3)−N fragment of the anion and simultaneously expected to form a third hydrogen bond via the exocyclic N − H* donor. Consequently, all the crystal packings contain cation-anion pairs assembled by an N − H ∙∙∙ N and an N −H ∙∙∙ O hydrogen bond, these substructures being mutually associated through an N − H* ∙∙∙ O bond. For the robust eight-membered ring synthon within the ion pairs [graph set N2 = R22(8), antidromic], two supramolecular isomers were observed: In 2 and 3, N − H ∙∙∙ N originates from the ring NH donor and N − H ∙∙∙ O from the exocyclic amino group, whereas in 4-7 these connectivities are reversed. The third hydrogen bond, N − H*∙∙∙ O , leads either to chains of ion pairs (generated by a 21 transformation in 2-4 or by a glide plane in 5) or to cyclic dimers of ion pairs (Ci symmetric in 6, C2-symmetric in 7). The overall variety of motifs observed in a small number of structures reflects the limits imposed on the prediction of hydrogen bonding patterns. Owing to the excess of potential acceptors over traditional hydrogen-bond donors, several of the structures display prominent non-classical secondary bonding. Thus, the cyclodimeric units of 6 are associated into strands through short antiparallel O ∙∙∙ S(cation) interactions. In the hemihydrate 5, two independent C-H(cation) ∙∙∙ O bonds generate a second antidromic R22(8) pattern, leading to sheets composed of N − H ∙∙∙ N/O connected catemers; the water molecules are alternately sandwiched between and O - H ∙∙∙ O bonded to the sheets to form bilayers, which are cross-linked by a third C − H (cation ) ∙∙∙ O contact. The roof-shaped cyclodimers occurring in 7 occupy the polar C2 axes parallel to z and build up hollow Car− H ∙∙∙ O bonded tetrahedral lattices; in order to fill their large empty cavities, five translationally equivalent lattices mutually interpenetrate.

scholarly journals Crystal structures of 2-aminopyridine citric acid salts: C5H7N2 +·C6H7O7 − and 3C5H7N2 +·C6H5O7 3−

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1111-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shet M. Prakash ◽  
S. Naveen ◽  
N. K. Lokanath ◽  
P. A. Suchetan ◽  
Ismail Warad
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Molecular Conformation ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Almost All

2-Aminopyridine and citric acid mixed in 1:1 and 3:1 ratios in ethanol yielded crystals of two 2-aminopyridinium citrate salts, viz. C5H7N2 +·C6H7O7 − (I) (systematic name: 2-aminopyridin-1-ium 3-carboxy-2-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxypropanoate), and 3C5H7N2 +·C6H5O7 3− (II) [systematic name: tris(2-aminopyridin-1-ium) 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate]. The supramolecular synthons present are analysed and their effect upon the crystal packing is presented in the context of crystal engineering. Salt I is formed by the protonation of the pyridine N atom and deprotonation of the central carboxylic group of citric acid, while in II all three carboxylic groups of the acid are deprotonated and the charges are compensated for by three 2-aminopyridinium cations. In both structures, a complex supramolecular three-dimensional architecture is formed. In I, the supramolecular aggregation results from Namino—H...Oacid, Oacid...H—Oacid, Oalcohol—H...Oacid, Namino—H...Oalcohol, Npy—H...Oalcohol and Car—H...Oacid interactions. The molecular conformation of the citrate ion (CA3−) in II is stabilized by an intramolecular Oalcohol—H...Oacid hydrogen bond that encloses an S(6) ring motif. The complex three-dimensional structure of II features Namino—H...Oacid, Npy—H...Oacid and several Car—H...Oacid hydrogen bonds. In the crystal of I, the common charge-assisted 2-aminopyridinium–carboxylate heterosynthon exhibited in many 2-aminopyridinium carboxylates is not observed, instead chains of N—H...O hydrogen bonds and hetero O—H...O dimers are formed. In the crystal of II, the 2-aminopyridinium–carboxylate heterosynthon is sustained, while hetero O—H...O dimers are not observed. The crystal structures of both salts display a variety of hydrogen bonds as almost all of the hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors present are involved in hydrogen bonding.

Formation and distortion of iodidoantimonates(III): the first isolated [SbI6]3−octahedron

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Bujak
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Interactions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Induced Changes

The ability to intentionally construct, through different types of interactions, inorganic–organic hybrid materials with desired properties is the main goal of inorganic crystal engineering. The primary deformation, related to intrinsic interactions within inorganic substructure, and the secondary deformation, mainly caused by the hydrogen bond interactions, are both responsible for polyhedral distortions of halogenidoantimonates(III) with organic cations. The evolution of structural parameters, in particular the Sb—I secondary- and O/N/C—H...I hydrogen bonds, as a function of temperature assists in understanding the contribution of those two distortion factors to the irregularity of [SbI6]3−polyhedra. In tris(piperazine-1,4-diium) bis[hexaiodidoantimonate(III)] pentahydrate, (C4H12N2)3[SbI6]2·5H2O (TPBHP), where the isolated [SbI6]3–units were found, distortion is governed only by O/N/C—H...I hydrogen bonds, whereas in piperazine-1,4-diium bis[tetraiodidoantimonate(III)] tetrahydrate, (C4H12N2)[SbI4]2·4H2O (PBTT), both primary and O—H...I secondary factors cause the deformation of one-dimensional [{SbI4}n]n−chains. The larger in spatial dimensions piperazine-1,4-diium cations, in contrast to the smaller water of crystallization molecules, do not significantly contribute to the octahedral distortion, especially in PBTT. The formation of isolated [SbI6]3−ions in TPBHP is the result of specific second coordination sphere hydrogen bond interactions that stabilize the hybrid structure and simultaneously effectively separate and prevent [SbI6]3−units from mutual interactions. The temperature-induced changes, further supported by the analysis of data retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database, illustrate the significance of both primary and secondary distortion factors on the deformation of octahedra. Also, a comparison of packing features in the studied hybrids with those in the non-metal containing piperazine-1,4-diium diiodide diiodine (C4H12N2)I2·I2(PDD) confirms the importance and hierarchy of different types of interactions.

Sulfur as hydrogen-bond acceptor in cocrystals of 2-thio-modified thymine

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Maximilian Hützler ◽  
Michael Bolte
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Site ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

Doubly and triply hydrogen-bonded supramolecular synthons are of particular interest for the rational design of crystal and cocrystal structures in crystal engineering since they show a high robustness due to their high stability and good reliability. The compound 5-methyl-2-thiouracil (2-thiothymine) contains an ADA hydrogen-bonding site (A = acceptor and D = donor) if the S atom is considered as an acceptor. We report herein the results of cocrystallization experiments with the coformers 2,4-diaminopyrimidine, 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 6-amino-3H-isocytosine and melamine, which contain complementary DAD hydrogen-bonding sites and, therefore, should be capable of forming a mixed ADA–DAD N—H...S/N—H...N/N—H...O synthon (denoted synthon 3s N·S;N·N;N·O), consisting of three different hydrogen bonds with 5-methyl-2-thiouracil. The experiments yielded one cocrystal and five solvated cocrystals, namely 5-methyl-2-thiouracil–2,4-diaminopyrimidine (1/2), C5H6N2OS·2C4H6N4, (I), 5-methyl-2-thiouracil–2,4-diaminopyrimidine–N,N-dimethylformamide (2/2/1), 2C5H6N2OS·2C4H6N4·C3H7NO, (II), 5-methyl-2-thiouracil–2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine–N,N-dimethylformamide (2/2/1), 2C5H6N2OS·2C9H9N5·C3H7NO, (III), 5-methyl-2-thiouracil–6-amino-3H-isocytosine–N,N-dimethylformamide (2/2/1), (IV), 2C5H6N2OS·2C4H6N4O·C3H7NO, (IV), 5-methyl-2-thiouracil–6-amino-3H-isocytosine–N,N-dimethylacetamide (2/2/1), 2C5H6N2OS·2C4H6N4O·C4H9NO, (V), and 5-methyl-2-thiouracil–melamine (3/2), 3C5H6N2OS·2C3H6N6, (VI). Synthon 3s N·S;N·N;N·O was formed in three structures in which two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded networks are observed, while doubly hydrogen-bonded interactions were formed instead in the remaining three cocrystals whereby three-dimensional networks are preferred. As desired, the S atoms are involved in hydrogen-bonding interactions in all six structures, thus illustrating the ability of sulfur to act as a hydrogen-bond acceptor and, therefore, its value for application in crystal engineering.

Crystal engineering of two-dimensional polar layer structures: hydrogen bond networks in some N-meta-phenylpyrimidinones

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumod George ◽  
Ashwini Nangia ◽  
Muriel Bagieu-Beucher ◽  
René Masse ◽  
Jean-François Nicoud
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Networks
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