Aster Leafhopper, Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper

scholarly journals Genetic Variation Among Geographically Disparate Isolates of Aster Yellows Phytoplasma in the Contiguous United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Clements ◽  
Marjorie Garcia ◽  
Benjamin Bradford ◽  
Linda Crubaugh ◽  
Shannon Piper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Aster Yellows phytoplasma (AYp; Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris) is associated with diseases of herbaceous plants, including ornamentals and important commercial vegetable and grain crops. The aster leafhopper (ALH; Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes) is the predominant vector of these bacteria, though other leafhopper species can acquire and transmit AYp. Potentially inoculative leafhoppers are reported to overwinter in the southern United States and migrate to northern latitudes in the spring. Examining the genetic similarities and differences in AYp associated with southern and northern populations of ALH may provide insight into the role that migrating ALH play in AYp disease development. To investigate similarities among geographically distinct populations of ALH and characterize the variation in AYp associated within these populations, we identified genetic variations in subgroup designation and the relative proportions of secreted AY-WB proteins from field-collected populations of AYp isolated from ALH from select locations in the southern (Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) and the northern United States (Wisconsin) in 2016, 2017, and 2018. Isolated phytoplasma were tested for variation of AYp genotypes, numbers of potentially inoculative (AYp-positive) ALH, and presence of specific AYp virulence (effector) genes. Geographically distinct populations of ALH collected in northern and southern regions were similar in CO1 genotype but carried different proportions of AYp genotypes. While similar AYp strains were detected in geographically distinct locations, the proportion of each genotype varied over time.

scholarly journals Identifying Leafhopper Targets for Controlling Aster Yellows in Carrots and Celery

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Patrick T. Stillson ◽  
Zsofia Szendrei
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma ◽  
Species Being

Aster yellows phytoplasma (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris) is a multi-host plant pathogen and is transmitted by at least 24 leafhopper species. Pathogen management is complex and requires a thorough understanding of vector dynamics. In the American Midwest, aster yellows is of great concern for vegetable farmers who focus on controlling one vector, Macrosteles quadrilineatus—the aster leafhopper. However, vegetable-associated leafhopper communities can be diverse. To investigate whether additional species are important aster yellows vectors, we surveyed leafhopper communities at commercial celery and carrot farms in Michigan from 2018 to 2019 and conducted real-time PCR to determine infection status. Leafhoppers were collected within crop fields and field edges and identified with DNA barcoding. Overall, we collected 5049 leafhoppers, with the most abundant species being M. quadrilineatus (57%) and Empoasca fabae—the potato leafhopper (23%). Our results revealed the most abundant aster yellows vector in Michigan in both crops is M. quadrilineatus, but we also found that E. fabae may be a potential vector for this pathogen. While several taxa reside in and near these crops, we did not find strong evidence that they contribute to phytoplasma infection. These findings indicate that M. quadrilineatus should be the primary target for controlling this pathogen.

Aster Leafhopper, Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

2008 ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
George Hangay ◽  
Severiano F. Gayubo ◽  
Marjorie A. Hoy ◽  
Marta Goula ◽  
Allen Sanborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper

scholarly journals First Report of Phytoplasmas Infecting Watercress in Hawaii

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Borth ◽  
R. T. Hamasaki ◽  
D. Ogata ◽  
S. K. Fukuda ◽  
J. S. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

Symptoms of leaf yellowing, reduced leaf size, and witches'-brooms have recently been observed affecting watercress (Nasturtium microphyllum Boen. × Rcbh.) in Hawaii. These symptoms are followed by the collapse of affected plants. This condition has led to 80 to 90% losses for one of the largest watercress farms on Oahu and is now affecting other watercress farms in the area. Nutritional deficiencies or toxicities, water salinity, and insect or mite feeding damage were investigated but could not be implicated in the etiology of this syndrome. Eighteen watercress plants with early yellowing or advanced symptoms and nine symptomless plants were analyzed for phytoplasma infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with primer pairs P1/Tint or P1/P7 (4). Amplicons of the expected sizes were produced from all symptomatic plants, whereas no products were amplified from symptomless plants. Sequence analysis of the cloned PCR products confirmed their phytoplasma origin and indicated that the watercress was infected with a phytoplasma most similar to SAY (2), a severe strain of western aster yellows phytoplasma previously classified as a 16SrI-B group member (3). Leafhoppers collected from an affected watercress planting have been identified as the aster leafhopper (Macrosteles quadrilineatus Fbs.) This species is the most efficient vector of the aster yellows phytoplasma and had not been previously recorded in Hawaii. The only other phytoplasma disease known in Hawaii prior to this report is Dodonaea yellows (1), which affects one of the most common native plants (Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq.) in dry upland forests on all the islands. Dodonaea yellows, however, has been attributed to an X-disease (16SrIII) group phytoplasma. The occurrence of an aster yellows group phytoplasma in watercress, a previously unrecorded host, and the presence of a very efficient vector, M. quadrilineatus, poses a serious threat to the production of other vegetable and floral crops in Hawaii. References: (1) W. Borth et al. Plant Dis. 79:1094, 1995. (2) C. Kuske and B. Kirkpatrick. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:226, 1992. (3) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (4) C. Smart et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2988, 1996.

INTRODUCED AND NATIVE LEAFHOPPERS COMMON TO THE OLD AND NEW WORLDS (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
New Records ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Species Status ◽  
European Species ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper

AbstractFourteen new records of introduced leafhoppers are added to the 157 leafhoppers previously recorded as occurring in both the Old and New worlds. Of these, 62 were erroneously recorded previously although 12 of the European species subsequently have been found in North America. Two North American species have been introduced into Europe, and one European species has been found in South America; North America has received 61 species from Europe, 3 from Asia, and 1 from Africa. One pan-tropical species is probably a recent introduction into the Caribbean from the Old World. There are 30 transboreal leafhoppers, 5 transarctic species inhabiting the tundra and alpine meadows, and 9 inhabiting temperate regions of both Eurasia and North America.The Aster leafhopper (Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes) is removed from synonymy with the transboreal sedge-feeding M. fascifrons (Stål) and 25 other confused species are distinguished in the genera Aphrodes, Euscelis, Evacanthus, Limotettix, Macrosteles, and Typhlocyba. These include 11 new species: Evacanthus bellaustralis, E. chlamidatus, E. grandipes, E. lacunar, E. nigramericanus, E. ustanucha, Macrosteles lagus, M. severini, M. tesselatus, M. vilbastei, and Typhlocyba frigida, all from North America, Balclutha punctata confluens Rey and Limotettix striola ferganensis Dubovsky are elevated to species status. One new generic synonymy, 23 new specific synonymies, and 3 new combinations are created.

EFFECT OF FIVE INSECTICIDES ON POPULATIONS OF THE SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER AND THE INCIDENCE OF ASTER YELLOWS IN CARROTS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. HENNE
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Insecticide Spray

Five insecticides were evaluated for their ability to control the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål), and to reduce the incidence of aster yellows disease, transmitted by this vector in carrots. Furadan (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) as a single granular treatment at seeding was as effective in reducing the level of aster yellows disease as five or eight foliar treatments with carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) in 1967 and 1968. Oxydemeton-methyl (O,O-dimethyl S-[2-(ethylsulfinyl)-ethyl]phosphorothioate) was comparable with carbaryl in reducing aster leafhopper numbers and incidence of aster yellows disease. Disulfoton (O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl]phosphorodithioate) as a single granular application at seeding was the least effective treatment in this study. Aster yellows incidence in carrots treated with DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane] was only slightly lower than with carbaryl in a commercial scale trial. A 5-day insecticide spray schedule was not appreciably more effective than a 10-day schedule.

scholarly journals Seasonal Patterns of Aster Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Abundance and Aster Yellows Phytoplasma Infectivity in Wisconsin Carrot Fields

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Frost ◽  
P. D. Esker ◽  
R. Van Haren ◽  
L. Kotolski ◽  
R. L. Groves
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Aster Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Abundance and Aster Yellows Phytoplasma Infectivity in Wisconsin Carrot Fields

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Frost ◽  
P. D. Esker ◽  
R. Van Haren ◽  
L. Kotolski ◽  
R. L. Groves
Keyword(s):  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma
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