Stress-Induced Host Plant Free Amino Acids and Insects

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino

Stress-Induced Host Plant Free Amino Acids and Insects

2008 ◽  
pp. 3599-3603
Author(s):  
John B. Heppner ◽  
David B. Richman ◽  
Steven E. Naranjo ◽  
Dale Habeck ◽  
Christopher Asaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino

scholarly journals Infections with Arsenophonus Facultative Endosymbionts Alter Performance of Aphids (Aphis gossypii) on an Amino-Acid-Deficient Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan-Pan Tian ◽  
Chun-Yan Chang ◽  
Ning-Hui Miao ◽  
Meng-Yue Li ◽  
Xiang-Dong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Reproductive Rates

ABSTRACT Genetic polymorphism and endosymbiont infection are ubiquitous in aphid populations. It has been known that the obligate symbiont Buchnera provides aphids with essential amino acids which cannot be ingested from plant sap. Buchnera often coexists with facultative endosymbionts in aphids. However, it is unclear whether the facultative endosymbionts affect the aphid’s amino acid requirements from diet. In this study, we found that the facultative endosymbiont status in populations of the cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii was associated with aphid genotype or host plant. The infection frequency of Arsenophonus in aphids living on cotton was significantly higher than that in aphids on cucumber, and cucumber leaves contained higher titers of free amino acids than cotton leaves, especially amino acids Leu, Arg, Ile, Val, and Phe. The net reproductive rates of five aphid genotypes infected with Arsenophonus were not different on the complete-amino-acid diet, but the values were significantly different among seven Arsenophonus-free aphid genotypes. Moreover, the net reproductive rates of aphids on the amino-acid-deficient diet were significantly affected by Arsenophonus infection and aphid genotype. Arsenophonus infection decreased aphid performance on the Phe-free diet but improved performance on the Leu-free diet and did not affect the performance on the Ile-free or Val-free diet. Arsenophonus infections altered aphid requirements for amino acids that were significantly different in cotton and cucumber leaves, suggesting this endosymbiont would modulate the host specialization of this aphid. IMPORTANCE The facultative endosymbiont Arsenophonus plays an important role in regulating reproduction through son killing, enemy resistance, and the dietary breadth of its insect hosts. In this study, we found Arsenophonus could alter aphid performance on the amino-acid-deficient diets. Arsenophonus infection increased aphid requirements for the amino acid Phe, but decreased requirements for the Leu. Cotton and cucumber leaves contained drastically different titers of free amino acids Phe and Leu, and aphids living on these two plants were infected with different incidences of Arsenophonus. We hypothesize that host specialization or the host plant range of aphids may be mediated by Arsenophonus.

Studies on the Feeding and Nutrition of Tuberolachnus Salignus (Gmelin) (Homoptera, Aphididae)

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
T. E. MITTLER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Tuberolachnus Salignus

1. The aim of this investigation has been to determine the sugar and nitrogen composition of the phloem sieve-tube sap ingested by Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin) feeding on Salix acutifolia stems, and to compare it with that of the honeydew excreted by the aphids. 2. A cage suitable for confining T. salignus on the willow stems is described. 3. Details are given of a technique, outlined by Kennedy & Mittler (1953) for collecting the fluid, termed stylet-sap, which exudes from the cut end of severed embedded stylet-bundles. 4. A method is described for collecting honeydew droplets immediately they are excreted by feeding T. salignus. 5. The nitrogenous matter ingested by T. salignus is in the form of free amino-acids and amides. The same amino-acids and amides are ingested but in greater amounts than they are excreted. 6. The number and concentration of the amino-acids and amides in stylet-sap and honeydew fluctuate with the seasonal development of the host plant. 7. The honeydew contains sucrose, fructose, glucose and melezitose. These sugars are derived from sucrose, the only sugar normally ingested. 8. The evidence for the identity of stylet-sap with the unchanged sieve-tube sap of the host plant is discussed.

Betaines and free amino acids in salt stressed vitroplants and winter resting buds of Populus trichocarpa x deltoides

1991 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bray ◽  
D. Chriqui ◽  
K. Gloux ◽  
D. Le Rudulier ◽  
M. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa

Plasma and skeletal muscle free amino acids in type I, insulin-treated diabetic subjects

Diabetes ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 812-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Borghi ◽  
R. Lugari ◽  
A. Montanari ◽  
P. Dall'Argine ◽  
G. F. Elia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Type I
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