Reflex Bleeding (Autohemorrhage)

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reflex Bleeding

Structural adaptations and mechanism of reflex bleeding in the larvae of the myrmecophilous ladybird Diomus thoracicus

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Olivier Roux ◽  
Amélie Vantaux ◽  
Frédéric Petitclerc ◽  
Jérôme Orivel ◽  
Alain Dejean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reflex Bleeding ◽  
Structural Adaptations

scholarly journals Unraveling the role of male reproductive tract and haemolymph in cantharidin-exuding Lydus trimaculatus and Mylabris variabilis (Coleoptera: Meloidae): a comparative transcriptomics approach

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Fratini ◽  
Marco Salvemini ◽  
Fabrizio Lombardo ◽  
Maurizio Muzzi ◽  
Marco Molfini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reflex Bleeding ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Blister Beetle

Abstract Background Meloidae (blister beetles) are known to synthetize cantharidin (CA), a toxic and defensive terpene mainly stored in male accessory glands (MAG) and emitted outward through reflex-bleeding. Recent progresses in understanding CA biosynthesis and production organ(s) in Meloidae have been made, but the way in which self-protection is achieved from the hazardous accumulation and release of CA in blister beetles has been experimentally neglected. To provide hints on this pending question, a comparative de novo assembly transcriptomic approach was performed by targeting two tissues where CA is largely accumulated and regularly circulates in Meloidae: the male reproductive tract (MRT) and the haemolymph. Differential gene expression profiles in these tissues were examined in two blister beetle species, Lydus trimaculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (tribe Lyttini) and Mylabris variabilis (Pallas, 1781) (tribe Mylabrini). Upregulated transcripts were compared between the two species to identify conserved genes possibly involved in CA detoxification and transport. Results Based on our results, we hypothesize that, to avoid auto-intoxication, ABC, MFS or other solute transporters might sequester purported glycosylated CA precursors into MAG, and lipocalins could bind CA and mitigate its reactivity when released into the haemolymph during the autohaemorrhaging response. We also found an over-representation in haemolymph of protein-domains related to coagulation and integument repairing mechanisms that likely reflects the need to limit fluid loss during reflex-bleeding. Conclusions The de novo assembled transcriptomes of L. trimaculatus and M. variabilis here provided represent valuable genetic resources to further explore the mechanisms employed to cope with toxicity of CA in blister beetle tissues. These, if revealed, might help conceiving safe and effective drug-delivery approaches to enhance the use of CA in medicine.

Description of pleural defensive organs in three species of firefly larvae (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 768 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERNEST TRICE ◽  
JOHN TYLER ◽  
JOHN C. DAY
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Reflex Bleeding ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms ◽  
Comparative Examination

Although reflex bleeding as a defence mechanism is well characterised in the adult lampyrid little is known of the defensive mechanisms of immature bioluminescent beetles. A detailed comparative examination of the morphology and microstructure of the pleural defensive organs of Lampyris noctiluca L., Luciola cruciata Motschulsky and a Nyctophila species obtained from Amol forest, Iran, using light microscopy and epifluorescent imaging, revealed vesicles continuous with the pleural organ membrane and held in place by a disc structure. Structural differences were apparent between species. We speculate on the function and evolution of these organs among the Lampyridae.

Timarcha Latreille: A strange beetle and a living fossil

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Jolivet ◽  
Poinar George ◽  
K.K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
Reflex Bleeding ◽  
Early Mesozoic ◽  
Diurnal Species

The genus Timarcha seems unique among Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae by having plesiomorphic characters such as genitalia with a ring-like tegmen, covered with a setose parameral cap, together with apomorphic characters, including apterism and fused elytra. The distribution of this genus is also very peculiar: circum Mediterranean and northwestern American. Food selection also seems rather stict, comprising 8 families and 20 genera of plants. Two of the subgenera (Metallotimarcha and Americanotimarcha) share one plant family, the Ericaceae. The plant family Rubiaceae is also shared between three subgenera: Timarcha, Timarchostoma and Metallotimarcha. Reflex bleeding among diurnal species, aposematism, thanatosis, stomatic regurgitation are means of defense against predators, but not against parasites and commensals. A very archaic genus, probably originating in early Mesozoic, with around 100 taxa, and 50 subspecies. Mutations remain very common in the group and new species are possibly still emerging.

Reflex-bleeding in the Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Morphological Basis and Possible Function

10.1649/892.1 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Fu ◽  
Ohba Nobuyoshi ◽  
V. B. Meyer-Rochow ◽  
Yuyong Wang ◽  
Chaoliang Lei
Keyword(s):  
Reflex Bleeding ◽  
Morphological Basis
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