Childhood Asthma: Overview

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
M. J. Goldenhersh ◽  
Gary S. Rachelefsky
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Recurrent Pneumonia ◽  
Late Phase Reaction ◽  
Airway Response ◽  
Trachea And Bronchi

DEFINITION Asthma is a syndrome characterized by increased responsiveness of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli and is manifested by widespread reversible narrowing of the airways that changes in severity either spontaneously or as a result of therapy.1 The hyperresponsiveness ("twitchiness") of airways is a fundamental abnormality and is dynamic in nature. Asthma is a disease of persistent or recurrent airway inflammation characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells (eosinophils and polymorphonuclear cells), edema of the wall, and changes in epithelial cells. Airway response to allergens and certain irritants may be acute (occurring within minutes to one hour following exposure), delayed or late (occurring within four to eight hours following exposure), or dual (combination of acute and late phase). Some reactions are only delayed. The late phase reaction is largely attributed to ongoing inflammation. Because of the variability of its presentation (complete v partial reversibility of airways obstruction, hyperreactivity accompanying other respiratory disease, chronic cough, or recurrent pneumonia with or without wheeze), children have often been denied appropriate antiasthmatic medications and their symptoms have been attributed instead to "wheezy bronchitis," "recurrent bronchiolitis," "spastic bronchitis," or "wheezy baby syndrome." For years pediatricians have been schooled to approach the wheezing child skeptically ("all that wheezes is not asthma").

scholarly journals IL-9+ IL-10+ T cells link immediate allergic response to late phase reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-H. He ◽  
Z.-Q. Liu ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
C.-H. Song ◽  
L.-F. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Allergic Response ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Late Phase Reaction

Eosinophil infiltration into human skin is antigen-dependent in the late-phase reaction

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. LITCHFIELD ◽  
C.H. SMITH ◽  
B.A. ATKINSON ◽  
P.G. NORRIS ◽  
P. ELLIOTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Late Phase Reaction

scholarly journals A novel murine model of late-phase reaction of immediate hypersensitivity

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Facincone ◽  
A. L. Pereira De Siqueira ◽  
S. Jancar ◽  
M. Russo ◽  
J. A. Marzagão Barbuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Immediate Hypersensitivity ◽  
Late Phase Reaction ◽  
Hen Egg White ◽  
Hen Egg

We describe here a novel experimental model of late-phase reaction of immediate hypersensitivity developed in mice. It consists of introducing small fragments of heat-coagulated hen egg white into the subcutaneous tissue of mice. After 14 days, animals challenged with purified ovalbumin into the footpad presented an immediate swelling of the paw peaking at 30 min, followed by two peaks of swelling at 6 and 24 h. Histological examination of the paws showed a massive eosinophil infiltration (more than 800 cells/5 microscopic fields). This intense infiltration persisted for more than 14 days after the challenge. Furthermore, in mice immunized with coagulated egg white the delayed swelling of the paws and eosinophilic infiltration were significantly higher than in mice immunized with the classical protocol of ovalbumin in alumen adjuvant. Transfer of lymph node cells obtained from mice implanted with heat-coagulated hen egg white induced footpad swelling and eosinophil infiltration in response to ovalbumin. High levels of ovalbuminspecific IgG1 but not of IgE were detected in the serum of these animals. The advantages of this model for the experimental study of late-phase reactionper seand its relevance to the study of allergic diseases such as asthma are discussed.

Late-phase reaction and tear fluid cytology in the rat ocular anaphylaxis

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bonini ◽  
Stefan D. Trocme ◽  
Neal P. Barney ◽  
Peter C. Brash ◽  
Kurt J. Bloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Phase ◽  
Tear Fluid ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Late Phase Reaction ◽  
Fluid Cytology
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