Trial-Spacing Effect in Associative Learning

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Trial Spacing

scholarly journals Analysis of a trial-spacing effect with relatively long intertrial intervals

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SUNSAY ◽  
M. E. BOUTON
Keyword(s):  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Trial Spacing

The trial-spacing effect in olfactory patterning discriminations in honeybees

2007 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
N DEISIG ◽  
J SANDOZ ◽  
M GIURFA ◽  
H LACHNIT
Keyword(s):  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Trial Spacing

scholarly journals Associative Learning from Replayed Experience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot A. Ludvig ◽  
Mahdieh S. Mirian ◽  
E. James Kehoe ◽  
Richard S. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Associative Model ◽  
Retrospective Revaluation ◽  
Spacing Effects ◽  
Trial Spacing ◽  
Associative Models ◽  
Present Simulation

AbstractWe develop an extension of the Rescorla-Wagner model of associative learning. In addition to learning from the current trial, the new model supposes that animals store and replay previous trials, learning from the replayed trials using the same learning rule. This simple idea provides a unified explanation for diverse phenomena that have proved challenging to earlier associative models, including spontaneous recovery, latent inhibition, retrospective revaluation, and trial spacing effects. For example, spontaneous recovery is explained by supposing that the animal replays its previous trials during the interval between extinction and test. These include earlier acquisition trials as well as recent extinction trials, and thus there is a gradual re-acquisition of the conditioned response. We present simulation results for the simplest version of this replay idea, where the trial memory is assumed empty at the beginning of an experiment, all experienced trials are stored and none removed, and sampling from the memory is performed at random. Even this minimal replay model is able to explain the challenging phenomena, illustrating the explanatory power of an associative model enhanced by learning from remembered as well as real experiences.

scholarly journals Protein Synthesis Is Required for the Enhancement of Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Memory by Spaced Training

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2770-2777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Scharf ◽  
Newton H. Woo ◽  
K. Matthew Lattal ◽  
Jennie Z. Young ◽  
Peter V. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Behavioral Training ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Trial Spacing

Spaced training is generally more effective than massed training for learning and memory, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this trial spacing effect remain poorly characterized. One potential molecular basis for the trial spacing effect is the differential modulation, by distinct temporal patterns of neuronal activity, of protein synthesis-dependent processes that contribute to the expression of specific forms of synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a type of synaptic modification that may be important for certain forms of memory storage in the mammalian brain. To explore the role of protein synthesis in the trial spacing effect, we assessed the protein synthesis dependence of hippocampal LTP induced by 100-Hz tetraburst stimulation delivered to mouse hippocampal slices in either a temporally massed (20-s interburst interval) or spaced (5-min interburst interval) fashion. To extend our studies to the behavioral level, we trained mice in fear conditioning using either a massed or spaced training protocol and examined the sensitivity of long-term memory to protein synthesis inhibition. Larger LTP was induced by spaced stimulation in hippocampal slices. This improvement of synaptic potentiation following temporally spaced synaptic stimulation in slices was attenuated by bath application of an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Further, the maintenance of LTP induced by spaced synaptic stimulation was more sensitive to disruption by anisomycin than the maintenance of LTP elicited following massed stimulation. Temporally spaced behavioral training improved long-term memory for contextual but not for cued fear conditioning, and this enhancement of memory for contextual fear was also protein synthesis dependent. Our data reveal that altering the temporal spacing of synaptic stimulation and behavioral training improved hippocampal LTP and enhanced contextual long-term memory. From a broad perspective, these results suggest that the recruitment of protein synthesis-dependent processes important for long-term memory and for long-lasting forms of LTP can be modulated by the temporal profiles of behavioral training and synaptic stimulation.

Reward Magnitude, But Not Time of Day, Influences the Trial-Spacing Effect in Autoshaping With Rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Thomas ◽  
David Huneycutt ◽  
Mauricio R. Papini
Keyword(s):  
Reward Magnitude ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Trial Spacing

scholarly journals Spaced training enhances memory and prefrontal ensemble stability in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet Glas ◽  
Mark Hübener ◽  
Tobias Bonhoeffer ◽  
Pieter M. Goltstein
Keyword(s):  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Trial Spacing ◽  
Spaced Learning ◽  
Place Task ◽  
The Stability

SummaryMemory is substantially improved when learning is distributed over time, an effect called “spacing effect”. So far it has not been studied how spaced learning affects neuronal ensembles presumably underlying memory. In the present study, we investigate whether trial spacing increases the stability or size of neuronal ensembles. Mice were trained in the “everyday memory” task, an appetitive, naturalistic, delayed matching-to-place task. Spacing trials by 60 minutes produced more robust memories than training with shorter or longer intervals. c-Fos labeling and chemogenetic inactivation established the necessity of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) for successful memory storage. In vivo calcium imaging of excitatory dmPFC neurons revealed that longer trial spacing increased the similarity of the population activity pattern on subsequent encoding trials and upon retrieval. Conversely, trial spacing did not affect the size of the total neuronal ensemble or the size of subpopulations dedicated to specific task-related behaviors and events. Thus, spaced learning promotes reactivation of prefrontal neuronal ensembles processing episodic-like memories.

Response Competition and the Trial-Spacing Effect in Autoshaping with Rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio R. Papini ◽  
Michael Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Response Competition ◽  
Trial Spacing
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