scholarly journals miR-205 in Breast Cancer: State of the Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ilaria Plantamura ◽  
Alessandra Cataldo ◽  
Giulia Cosentino ◽  
Marilena V. Iorio
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Breast Physiology ◽  
Cancer Types

Despite its controversial roles in different cancer types, miR-205 has been mainly described as an oncosuppressive microRNA (miRNA), with some contrasting results, in breast cancer. The role of miR-205 in the occurrence or progression of breast cancer has been extensively studied since the first evidence of its aberrant expression in tumor tissues versus normal counterparts. To date, it is known that the expression of miR-205 in the different subtypes of breast cancer is decreasing from the less aggressive subtype, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive breast cancer, to the more aggressive, triple negative breast cancer, influencing metastasis capability, response to therapy and patient survival. In this review, we summarize the most important discoveries that have highlighted the functional role of this miRNA in breast cancer initiation and progression, in stemness maintenance, in the tumor microenvironment, its potential role as a biomarker and its relevance in normal breast physiology—the still open questions. Finally, emerging evidence reveals the role of some lncRNAs in breast cancer progression as sponges of miR-205. Here, we also reviewed the studies in this field.

scholarly journals Progesterone and Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britton Trabert ◽  
Mark E Sherman ◽  
Nagarajan Kannan ◽  
Frank Z Stanczyk
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
Breast Physiology ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Synthetic progestogens (progestins) have been linked to increased breast cancer risk; however, the role of endogenous progesterone in breast physiology and carcinogenesis is less clearly defined. Mechanistic studies using cell culture, tissue culture, and preclinical models implicate progesterone in breast carcinogenesis. In contrast, limited epidemiologic data generally do not show an association of circulating progesterone levels with risk, and it is unclear whether this reflects methodologic limitations or a truly null relationship. Challenges related to defining the role of progesterone in breast physiology and neoplasia include: complex interactions with estrogens and other hormones (eg, androgens, prolactin, etc.), accounting for timing of blood collections for hormone measurements among cycling women, and limitations of assays to measure progesterone metabolites in blood and progesterone receptor isotypes (PRs) in tissues. Separating the individual effects of estrogens and progesterone is further complicated by the partial dependence of PR transcription on estrogen receptor (ER)α-mediated transcriptional events; indeed, interpreting the integrated interaction of the hormones may be more essential than isolating independent effects. Further, many of the actions of both estrogens and progesterone, particularly in “normal” breast tissues, are driven by paracrine mechanisms in which ligand binding to receptor-positive cells evokes secretion of factors that influence cell division of neighboring receptor-negative cells. Accordingly, blood and tissue levels may differ, and the latter are challenging to measure. Given conflicting data related to the potential role of progesterone in breast cancer etiology and interest in blocking progesterone action to prevent or treat breast cancer, we provide a review of the evidence that links progesterone to breast cancer risk and suggest future directions for filling current gaps in our knowledge.

scholarly journals Worldwide Variation in Human Milk Metabolome: Indicators of Breast Physiology and Maternal Lifestyle?

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Gay ◽  
Petya Koleva ◽  
Carolyn Slupsky ◽  
Elloise Toit ◽  
Merete Eggesbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Breast Physiology

Human milk provides essential substrates for the optimal growth and development of a breastfed infant. Besides providing nutrients to the infant, human milk also contains metabolites which form an intricate system between maternal lifestyle, such as the mother’s diet and the gut microbiome, and infant outcomes. This study investigates the variation of these human milk metabolites from five different countries. Human milk samples (n = 109) were collected one month postpartum from Australia, Japan, the USA, Norway, and South Africa and were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed separation between either maternal countries of origin or ethnicities. Variation between countries in concentration of metabolites, such as 2-oxoglutarate, creatine, and glutamine, in human milk, between countries, could provide insights into problems, such as mastitis and/or impaired functions of the mammary glands. Several important markers of milk production, such as lactose, betaine, creatine, glutamate, and glutamine, showed good correlation between each metabolite. This work highlights the importance of milk metabolites with respect to maternal lifestyle and the environment, and also provides the framework for future breastfeeding and microbiome studies in a global context.

scholarly journals Establishing a Cohort of Transgender Men and Gender Nonconforming Individuals to Understand the Molecular Impact of Testosterone on Breast Physiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle M. Baker ◽  
Michael E. Pyle ◽  
Adam M. Tobias ◽  
Richard A. Bartlett ◽  
Jordana Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Breast Physiology ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Transgender Men

scholarly journals The Mammary Gland Carcinogens: The Role of Metal Compounds and Organic Solvents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Juma Mulware
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Dna Hypermethylation ◽  
Brca1 And Brca2 ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Breast Physiology ◽  
Fat Depot

The increased rate of breast cancer incidences especially among postmenopausal women has been reported in recent decades. Despite the fact that women who inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high risk of developing breast cancer, studies have also shown that significant exposure to certain metal compounds and organic solvents also increases the risks of mammary gland carcinogenesis. While physiological properties govern the uptake, intracellular distribution, and binding of metal compounds, their interaction with proteins seems to be the most relevant process for metal carcinogenicity than biding to DNA. The four most predominant mechanisms for metal carcinogenicity include (1) interference with cellular redox regulation and induction of oxidative stress, (2) inhibition of major DNA repair, (3) deregulation of cell proliferation, and (4) epigenetic inactivation of genes by DNA hypermethylation. On the other hand, most organic solvents are highly lipophilic and are biotransformed mainly in the liver and the kidney through a series of oxidative and reductive reactions, some of which result in bioactivation. The breast physiology, notably the parenchyma, is embedded in a fat depot capable of storing lipophilic xenobiotics. This paper reviews the role of metal compounds and organic solvents in breast cancer development.

Normal Breast Physiology: The Reasons Hormonal Contraceptives and Induced Abortion Increase Breast-Cancer Risk

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lanfranchi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Increase Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Proliferative Effect ◽  
Breast Physiology

A woman gains protection from breast cancer by completing a full-term pregnancy. In utero, her offspring produce hormones that mature 85 percent of the mother's breast tissue into cancer-resistant breast tissue. If the pregnancy ends through an induced abortion or a premature birth before thirty-two weeks, the mother's breasts will have only partially matured, retaining even more cancer-susceptible breast tissue than when the pregnancy began. This increased amount of immature breast tissue will leave the mother with more sites for cancer initiation, thereby increasing her risk of breast cancer. Hormonal contraceptives increase breast-cancer risk by their proliferative effect on breast tissue and their direct carcinogenic effects on DNA. Hormonal contraceptives include estrogen-progestin combination drugs prescribed in any manner of delivery: orally, transdermally, vaginally, or intrauterine. This article provides the detailed physiology and data that elucidate the mechanisms through which induced abortion and hormonal contraceptives increase breast-cancer risk.

A Brief Review of Breast Physiology

1956 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Frances H. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Breast Physiology

Breast Physiology

The Breast ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Rena B. Kass ◽  
Anne T. Mancino ◽  
Arlan L. Rosenbloom ◽  
V. Suzanne Klimberg ◽  
Kirby I. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Breast Physiology
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document