Inositol-C2-PAF acts as a biological response modifier and antagonizes cancer-relevant processes in mammary carcinoma cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Pelz ◽  
Sonja Häckel ◽  
Geo Semini ◽  
Sandra Schrötter ◽  
Willem Bintig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Biological Response Modifier ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Response Modifier ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma Cells

735 Impact of reversing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program on tumor metabolism and immune suppression

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A779-A779
Author(s):  
Michelle Williams ◽  
Jessica Christenson ◽  
Kathleen O’Neill ◽  
Sabrina Hafeez ◽  
Nicole Spoelstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma Cells

BackgroundTo identify novel molecular mechanisms used by triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) to facilitate metastasis, we manipulated oncogenic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by restoring the microRNA-200c (miR-200c), termed ‘the guardian of the epithelial phenotype.’ We identified several tumor cell catabolizing enzymes, including tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The Richer lab has published that TDO2 promotes anchorage independent cell survival during TNBC metastasis via its catabolite kynurenine, which also induces CD8+ T cell death. Similarly, published studies have demonstrated that HO-1 supports BC anchorage independent survival. However, effects of the HO-1 catabolite bilirubin on the tumor microenvironment had not been studied. We postulated that TNBC utilize targetable catabolizing enzymes, like HO-1, to simultaneously support tumor cell survival and dampen the anti-tumor immune response.MethodsTo test our hypothesis in an immune competent mouse model, Met-1 mammary carcinoma cells from a late stage MMTV-PyMT tumor were engineered to inducibly express miR-200c. Tumor cell infiltrates were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry and multispectral fluorescence. RAW264.7 mouse macrophages were cultured with conditioned medium from carcinoma cells ± miR-200c or the HO-1 competitive inhibitor tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP). RAW264.7 macrophages were also treated with 0–20 µM bilirubin and macrophage polarization and efferocytic capacity, the ability to engulf dead tumor cells, were assessed using qRT-PCR and IncuCyte assays.ResultsMiR-200c restoration to Met-1 orthotopic tumors decreased growth by 45% and increased infiltration of CD11c+ dendritic cells and activation, determined by CD44 expression, of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. While the number of F4/80+ macrophages was unchanged by miR-200c, the percent of M1 anti-tumor macrophages (F4/80+iNOS+/total cells) increased by >6-fold in miR-200c+tumors. RAW264.7 macrophages cultured with conditioned medium from miR-200c-restored mammary carcinoma cells had a 25–95% decrease in M2 pro-tumor genes (Arg1, Il4 and Il13) and a 15–55% increase in M1 genes (Nos2, Tnfa and Cxcl10). A similar decrease in M2 (30–50%) and increase M1 (35–160%) genes was seen in macrophages cultured with conditioned medium from SnMP treated mammary carcinoma cells. Conversely, bilirubin treatment alone enhanced M2 macrophage polarization and inhibited efferocytosis in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionsUse of miR-200c to reverse EMT revealed that HO-1 promotes simultaneous TNBC cell survival and immune suppression. These studies are the first to show that tumor cell-HO-1 activity and subsequent bilirubin production may alter macrophage function in the tumor microenvironment. This finding could be clinically relevant since HO-1 inhibitors like SnMP are already FDA approved for treatment of other diseases.

Syndecan-1 regulates FGF8b responses in S115 mammary carcinoma cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Viklund ◽  
Natalia Vorontsova ◽  
Tiina Henttinen ◽  
Markku Salmivirta
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma Cells

scholarly journals Clinical Development of Biological Response Modifiers

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl a) ◽  
pp. 5A-8A
Author(s):  
Jay P Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Response Modifier ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Response Modifier ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Study Population ◽  
States Food

OBJECTIVE: To present perspectives on selected issues that frequently arise during the clinical development of biological response modifier (BRM) therapies.DATA SOURCES: The perspectives and opinions presented herein were developed over several years of reviewing and consulting on the clinical development of BRM therapies at the United States Food and Drug Administration.CONCLUSIONS: BRM therapies encompass a broad spectrum of products used to treat a wide variety of diseases. Due to this diversity. most principles of clinical trial design and conduct applicable to the majority of BRMS are those that are applicable to all therapies. Nevertheless, the clinical development of BRM therapies often raises specific issues and problems in the areas of selecting animal models, defining the study population, adverse reactions, dosing and defining end-points. Over 10 years’ experience in testing biotechnology derived BRMS in clinical trials has created a database from which we can draw valuable generalizations for guidance in future studies.

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