Histone “acidic patch”: a hotspot in chromatin biology

Abstract Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacylases that regulate diverse cellular processes such as metabolic homeostasis and genomic integrity. Mammals possess seven sirtuin family members, SIRT1-SIRT7, that display diverse subcellular localization patterns, catalytic activities, protein targets, and biological functions. Three sirtuins, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5, are primarily located in the mitochondrial matrix. SIRT5 is a very inefficient deacetylase, instead removing negatively charged post-translational modifications (succinyl, glutaryl, and malonyl groups) from lysines of its target proteins, in mitochondria and throughout the cell. SIRT5 plays only modest known roles in normal physiology, with its major functions occurring in the heart under stress conditions. In contrast, in specific cancer types, including melanoma, we have identified a major pro-survival role for SIRT5. We have traced this function of SIRT5 to novel roles for this protein in regulating chromatin biology. New insights into mechanisms of SIRT5 action in cancer, and in normal myocardium, will be discussed.

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Chromatin Biology Impacts Adaptive Evolution of Filamentous Plant Pathogens

PLoS Pathogens ◽

10.1371/journal.ppat.1005920 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. e1005920 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Michael F. Seidl ◽

David E. Cook ◽

Bart P. H. J. Thomma

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Evolution ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Chromatin Biology

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Role of Histone-Modifying Enzymes and Their Complexes in Regulation of Chromatin Biology

Biochemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01210 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 55 (11) ◽

pp. 1584-1599 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Renee DesJarlais ◽

Peter J. Tummino

Keyword(s):

Histone Modifying Enzymes ◽

Chromatin Biology

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Middle-down proteomics: a still unexploited resource for chromatin biology

Expert Review of Proteomics ◽

10.1080/14789450.2017.1345632 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 617-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Simone Sidoli ◽

Benjamin A. Garcia

Keyword(s):

Chromatin Biology

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The big picture of chromatin biology by cryo-EM

Current Opinion in Structural Biology ◽

10.1016/j.sbi.2019.05.017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 76-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Seongmin Jang ◽

Ji-Joon Song

Keyword(s):

Big Picture ◽

Chromatin Biology

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Job Opening for Nucleosome Mechanic: Flexibility Required

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9030580 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 580 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mary Pitman ◽

Daniël P. Melters ◽

Yamini Dalal

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Computational Modeling ◽

Chromatin Fiber ◽

Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽

External Cues ◽

Internal Forces ◽

Innovative Work ◽

External Forces ◽

Chromatin Biology

The nucleus has been studied for well over 100 years, and chromatin has been the intense focus of experiments for decades. In this review, we focus on an understudied aspect of chromatin biology, namely the chromatin fiber polymer’s mechanical properties. In recent years, innovative work deploying interdisciplinary approaches including computational modeling, in vitro manipulations of purified and native chromatin have resulted in deep mechanistic insights into how the mechanics of chromatin might contribute to its function. The picture that emerges is one of a nucleus that is shaped as much by external forces pressing down upon it, as internal forces pushing outwards from the chromatin. These properties may have evolved to afford the cell a dynamic and reversible force-induced communication highway which allows rapid coordination between external cues and internal genomic function.

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Correlative EFTEM, STEM and Fluorescence Microscopy as a Tool for Chromatin Biology

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927609093556 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (S2) ◽

pp. 920-921 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M Aronova ◽

A Sousa ◽

G Zhang ◽

M Kruhlak ◽

E Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Microscopy ◽

Chromatin Biology

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009

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United colours of chromatin? Developmental genome organisation in flies

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20180605 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 691-700

Author(s):

Caroline Delandre ◽

Owen J. Marshall

Keyword(s):

Cell Fate ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Genome Organisation ◽

Chromatin Protein ◽

Cell Type ◽

Chromatin States ◽

Cell Fate Decisions ◽

A Cell ◽

Cell Type Specific ◽

Chromatin Biology

Abstract The organisation of DNA into differing forms of packaging, or chromatin, controls many of the cell fate decisions during development. Although early studies focused on individual forms of chromatin, in the last decade more holistic studies have attempted to determine a complete picture of the different forms of chromatin present within a cell. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, the study of chromatin states has been aided by the use of complementary and cell-type-specific techniques that profile the marks that recruit chromatin protein binding or the proteins themselves. Although many questions remain unanswered, a clearer picture of how different chromatin states affect development is now emerging, with more unusual chromatin states such as Black chromatin playing key roles. Here, we discuss recent findings regarding chromatin biology in flies.

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