scholarly journals Is the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis disrupted in type 2 diabetes mellitus and is this relevant for bone health?

Endocrine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Eller-Vainicher ◽  
Alfredo Scillitani ◽  
Iacopo Chiodini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

scholarly journals The Stress Axis in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus: An Update

Endocrines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-347
Author(s):  
Laura Gianotti ◽  
Sara Belcastro ◽  
Salvatore D’Agnano ◽  
Francesco Tassone
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is a tightly regulated system that represents one of the body’s mechanisms for responding to acute and chronic stress. Prolonged stress and/or inadequate regulation of the stress system can lead to a condition of chronic hypercortisolism or, in some cases, a blunted cortisol response to stress, contributing to insulin resistance, increased adiposity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, acute and chronic stress can exacerbate or worsen metabolic conditions by supporting an inflammatory state and a tight relationship between stress, inflammation and adipose tissue has been reported and has been a growing subject of interest in recent years. We reviewed and summarized the evidence supporting hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation as an important biological link between stress, obesity, inflammation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, we emphasized the possible role of infectious-related stress such as SarsCov2 infection in adrenal axis dysregulation, insulin resistance and diabetes in a bidirectional link. Understanding and better defining the links between stress and obesity or diabetes could contribute to further definition of the pathogenesis and the management of stress-related complications, in which the HPA axis dysregulation has a primary role.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in WBN/Kob Rats with Non-lnsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHISA TOJO ◽  
TOSHIHIRO TAKAO ◽  
TATSUYA NISHIOKA ◽  
YUKIKO NUMATA ◽  
SHUSO SUEMARU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

The Impact of Exercise on Bone Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-370
Author(s):  
R. Viggers ◽  
Z. Al-Mashhadi ◽  
R. Fuglsang-Nielsen ◽  
S. Gregersen ◽  
J. Starup-Linde
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and hepatic insulin resistance in low-birth-weight rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (5) ◽  
pp. E1451-E1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esben S. Buhl ◽  
Susanne Neschen ◽  
Shin Yonemitsu ◽  
Joerg Rossbacher ◽  
Dongyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Individuals born with a low birth weight (LBW) have an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are unknown. Given the important role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, we examined insulin sensitivity in a rat model of LBW due to intrauterine fetal stress. During the last 7 days of gestation, rat dams were treated with dexamethasone and insulin sensitivity was assessed in the LBW offspring by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. The LBW group had liver-specific insulin resistance associated with increased levels of PEPCK expression. These changes were associated with pituitary hyperplasia of the ACTH-secreting cells, increased morning plasma ACTH concentrations, elevated corticosterone secretion during restraint stress, and an ∼70% increase in 24-h urine corticosterone excretion. These data support the hypothesis that prenatal stress can result in chronic hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in increased plasma corticosterone concentrations, upregulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, and hepatic insulin resistance.

Hippocampal neurovascular and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis alterations in spontaneously type 2 diabetic GK rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Beauquis ◽  
Françoise Homo-Delarche ◽  
Marie-Hélène Giroix ◽  
Jan Ehses ◽  
Josiane Coulaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Gk Rats ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis
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