Variation in soil bulk density and hydraulic conductivity within a quasi-circular vegetation patch and bare soil area

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 2019-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsheng Liu ◽  
Gaohuan Liu ◽  
Chong Huang ◽  
He Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Vegetation Patch ◽  
Soil Area

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar Application and Re-Application on Soil Bulk Density, Porosity, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Content and Soil Water Availability in a Silty Loam Haplic Luvisol

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Toková ◽  
Dušan Igaz ◽  
Ján Horák ◽  
Elena Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Silty Loam

Due to climate change the productive agricultural sectors have started to face various challenges, such as soil drought. Biochar is studied as a promising soil amendment. We studied the effect of a former biochar application (in 2014) and re-application (in 2018) on bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water content and selected soil water constants at the experimental site in Dolná Malanta (Slovakia) in 2019. Biochar was applied and re-applied at the rates of 0, 10 and 20 t ha−1. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied annually at application levels N0, N1 and N2. In 2019, these levels were represented by the doses of 0, 108 and 162 kg N ha−1, respectively. We found that biochar applied at 20 t ha−1 without fertilizer significantly reduced bulk density by 12% and increased porosity by 12%. During the dry period, a relative increase in soil water content was observed at all biochar treatments—the largest after re-application of biochar at a dose of 20 t ha−1 at all fertilization levels. The biochar application also significantly increased plant available water. We suppose that change in the soil structure following a biochar amendment was one of the main reasons of our observations.

A comparison of rubber-tyred and steel-tracked skidders on forest soil physical properties

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Log Skidding ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Compaction of a silty clay loam forest soil was compared for 2 types of log-skidding equipment, a rubber-tyred skidder and a flexible-steel-tracked skidder. Experiments involved the loaded skidders traversing marked laneways at zero, 2, 4, and 10 passes. Compaction was quantified in terms of 3 parameters: (1) bulk density to 25 cm depth measured gravimetrically, (2) penetration resistance using a field penetrometer, and (3) saturated hydraulic conductivity using a field rainfall simulator. Results showed no substantial difference in soil bulk density between the experimental treatments, regardless of skidder type or number passes. Penetration resistance of the traversed laneways was significantly higher than the surrounding undisturbed areas; however, there was no difference between skidder type. Rainfall simulation showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of all treatments was strongly reduced by trafficking, although this did not differ with skidder type. The results from this study highlight the dangers in assuming that reduced machine static ground pressures will automatically lead to reduced soil impacts. It is important to note that while this study did not find differences between the 2 skidder types when operated in a similar manner, differences in the operation of the two skidders may also influence impacts on soil properties.

scholarly journals Sustainable Conservation Tillage Technique for Improving Soil Health by Enhancing Soil Physicochemical Quality Indicators under Wheat Mono-Cropping System Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8177
Author(s):  
Mahran Sadiq ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Nasir Rahim ◽  
Majid Mahmood Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Characteristics

An improved understanding of the effect of conservation tillage on soil physicochemical quality indicators is obligatory to manage and conserve soil in a climate change scenario. Tillage strategies change soil physicochemical characteristics, consequently modifying crop yields. Conservation tillage is generally used to improve the soil physicochemical characteristics globally. However, the impact of conservation tillage on different soil depths under wheat cultivation is not well documented. A 3-year study was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCDB). The objective of this research was to specifically study soil physicochemical indicators (soil bulk density, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, water content, temperature, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, C:N ratio, pH) and (crop yield) in conventional tillage (CT), straw incorporation into the conventionally tilled soil (CTS), no-tillage (NT), and stubble-retention to the no-tilled soil (NTS) measures under wheat monocropping system across different soil layers. Averaged over 0–40 cm soil layer, the results depicted scarce differences among the tillage practices regarding soil bulk density, porosity, water content and hydraulic conductivity. CT increased soil temperature over conservation tillage systems. Overall, conservation tillage improved soil total nitrogen, available phosphorous, total potassium, C:N ratio and yield than CT, whilst it decreased soil pH. We conclude that NTS and CTS are the best strategies to enhance soil health under wheat mono-cropping system conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of machinery trafficking in an agricultural soil assessed by Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor García-Tomillo ◽  
Tomás de Figueiredo ◽  
Jorge Dafonte Dafonte ◽  
Arlindo Almeida ◽  
Antonio Paz-González
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Soil compaction is a serious problem, which is aggravated due to its difficulty to locate and reverse. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a non-invasive geophysical method that can be used to identify compacted areas, soil horizon thickness and assess soil physical properties. This study assesses the relationship between ERT and soil compaction. Data were collected on a 4-m transect in a fallow plot located at Braganca (Portugal). Measurements were performed before and after tillage and tractor passage. Soil samples at different depths (0-0.05, 0.05-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m depth) were taken to determine: soil bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil water content. The effect of tillage and tractor passage was more significant on the first 0.05 m depth. In the wheel track areas, ERT suffered a reduction of about 40%, saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased by 70% and bulk density increased by 24%. These results proved that ERT can be a useful tool for assessing soil compaction.

scholarly journals VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA DO SOLO SATURADO EM LATOSSOLO AMARELO DISTROCOESO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE CRUZ DAS ALMAS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Silva Santos Alvares de Almeida ◽  
Luciano Da Silva Souza ◽  
Vital Pedro Da Silva Paz ◽  
Fagner Taiano Dos Santos Silva ◽  
Davi Ney Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
E Mail

VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA DO SOLO SATURADO EM LATOSSOLO AMARELO DISTROCOESO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE CRUZ DAS ALMAS  KARLA SILVA SANTOS ALVARES DE ALMEIDA1; LUCIANO DA SILVA SOUZA1; VITAL PEDRO DA SILVA PAZ1; FAGNER TAIANO DOS SANTOS SILVA2; DAVI NEY SANTOS1 E JULIANA DA SILVA LOPES PEREIRA1 1Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia – UFRB, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710 – Campus Universitário – CEP 44380-000 – Cruz das Almas – BA, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] do Estado de Santa Catarina – UDESC, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias – CAV, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090 – CEP 88520-000 -  Lages – SC, e-mail: [email protected]  1 RESUMO O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a variabilidade espacial da condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado (K0) utilizando dois métodos de laboratório e amostras com diferentes volumes em Latossolo Amarelo Distrocoeso localizado no Município de Cruz das Almas. Foram coletadas amostras com estrutura indeformada em dois tipos de anéis volumétricos com 0,081 m de altura e 0,070 m de diâmetro (≈312 cm3) e com 0,05 m de altura e de diâmetro (98 cm3). Nos mesmos pontos de amostragem da K0 foram coletadas amostras deformadas para quantificação de areia, silte, argila, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade, densidade do solo em uma malha amostral de 7 x 7 pontos espaçados em 2,0 x 2,0 m, totalizando uma área de 196,0 m². Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística exploratória e teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk; posteriormente, verificou-se a dependência espacial pela análise geoestatística. Os resultados revelaram que para a profundidade de 0-0,15 m a condutividade hidráulica determinada no permeâmetro de carga constante no cilindro de volume maior apresentou menor coeficiente de variação, indicando uma melhor representatividade das amostras; a densidade do solo apresentou índice de dependência espacial moderada, com alcance de 1,22 m e semivariograma tipo esférico para a profundidade de 0-0,15m; para a profundidade de 0,15-0,30 o índice de dependência espacial foi forte, com alcance de 1,54 m e semivariograma tipo exponencial. Palavras-chave: condutividade hidráulica saturada, Tabuleiro Costeiro, geoestatística.  ALMEIDA, K. S. S. A.; SOUZA, L. S.; PAZ, V. P. S.; SILVA, F. T. S.; SANTOS, D. N.; PEREIRA, J. S. L.SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SATURATED SOIL USING TWO LABORATORY METHODS AND SAMPLES WITH DIFFERENTS VOLUMES     2 ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to characterize the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (K0) using two laboratory methods and samples with different volumes in Oxisoil Distrocoeso located in the city of Cruz das Almas. Deformed structural samples were collected in two types of volumetric rings with 0.081 m long and 0.070 m in diameter (312 cm3) and 0.05 m in height and diameter (98 cm3). In the same sampling points of K0 deformed samples were collected for quantification of sand, silt, clay, total porosity, macro and microporosity, bulk density in a sample grid of 7 x 7 points spaced at 2.0 x 2.0 m totaling an area of 196.0 m². The results were submitted to exploratory statistical analysis  and Shapiro-Wilk normality test; later, the spatial dependence was verified by geostatistical analysis. The results showed that for the depth of 0-0.15 m the hydraulic conductivity determined in the constant load permeameter in the higest volume  cylinder showed a lower coefficient of variation, indicating a better representativeness of the samples; soil bulk density showed moderate spatial dependence index, with a range of 1.22 m and pherical-type semivariogram to the depth of 0-0.15m; to the depth of 0.15-0.30 the spatial dependence index was strong, reaching 1.54 m and exponential semivariogram. Keywords: Saturated hydraulic conductivity, coastal plain, geostatistics

scholarly journals Tillage is Necessary in Re-establishing Peach Orchards

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
D.M. Glenn ◽  
J. Kotcon ◽  
W.V. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Peach Trees

Three soil management treatments (cultivation, herbicide, and killed sod) were established in the drive middle of a 10-year-old apple orchard removed the year prior to planting peaches. The cultivation and herbicide treatments used preplant tillage, leaving a bare soil surface, whereas the killed-sod system was untilled. Peach trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch) were planted, and growth, yield, and soil bulk density were measured after 3 years. There were no differences in tree growth or yield for the three treatments These results were contrary to published reports that the killed-sod system increased early tree growth. The lack of growth response in the killed-sod system was attributed to the high soil bulk density remaining from the previous orchard. We concluded that truck and tractor traffic in the drive middle causes severe soil compaction, which may limit root development. The soil compaction can only be moderated by tillage.

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