Treatment additives reduced arsenic and cadmium bioavailability and increased 1,2-dichloroethane biodegradation and microbial enzyme activities in co-contaminated soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2019-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola O. Olaniran ◽  
Adhika Balgobind ◽  
Ajit Kumar ◽  
Balakrishna Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Enzyme ◽  
Cadmium Bioavailability

scholarly journals Role of Inorganic and Organic Fractions in Animal Manure Compost in Lead Immobilization and Microbial Activity in Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Katoh ◽  
Wataru Kitahara ◽  
Takeshi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Inorganic Component ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Microbial Enzyme ◽  
Lead Immobilization ◽  
Inorganic Fraction

This study aimed to identify how the ratio of inorganic-to-organic components in animal manure compost (AMC) affected both lead immobilization and microbial activity in lead-contaminated soil. When AMC containing 50% or more inorganic fraction with high phosphorous content was applied to contaminated soil, the amounts of water-soluble lead in it were suppressed by over 88% from the values in the soil without compost. The residual fraction under sequential extraction increased with the inorganic fraction in the AMC; however, in those AMCs, the levels of microbial enzyme activity were the same or less than those in the control soil. The application of AMC containing 25% inorganic fraction could alter the lead phases to be more insoluble while improving microbial enzyme activities; however, no suppression of the level of water-soluble lead existed during the first 30 days. These results indicate that compost containing an inorganic component of 50% or more with high phosphorus content is suitable for immobilizing lead; however, in the case where low precipitation is expected for a month, AMC containing 25% inorganic component could be used to both immobilize lead and restore microbial activity.

Significance of Microbial Enzyme Activities in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-373
Author(s):  
Dixita Chettri ◽  
Bhaskar Sharma ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Verma ◽  
Anil Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Enzyme

scholarly journals Impact of pyrene on pollutant removal and microbial enzyme activities in bioretention systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 012108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Q Wang ◽  
G D Chai ◽  
J Q Shan ◽  
Z J Yang ◽  
H E Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Microbial Enzyme

scholarly journals Filamentous fungi diversity in the natural fermentation of Amazonian cocoa beans and the microbial enzyme activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 975-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Aquino de Araújo ◽  
Nelson Rosa Ferreira ◽  
Silvia Helena Marques da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Oliveira ◽  
Ruan Campos Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Enzyme

scholarly journals Effect of tannin-rich leaves of oak (Quercus incana) on various microbial enzyme activities of the bovine rumen

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. S. Makkar ◽  
B. Singh ◽  
R. K. Dawra
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Forward Reaction ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Microbial Enzyme ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Oak Leaves

1. The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of oak (Quercus incana) leaves rich in tannins on various enzyme activities of the bovine rumen.2. The procedure employed was incubation of tannin-rich, very-low-tannin or virtually tannin-free leaves in nylon-gauze bags in the rumen, and determination of enzyme activities in microbes tightly bound to the solid matrix and in microbes loosely plus tightly attached to the solid matrix.3. The activities of urease (EC3.5.1.5), carboxymethylcellulase, glutamate dehydrogenase (EC1.4.1.2) and alanine aminotransferase (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) (EC2.6.1.2) were significantly lower in the tannin-rich group, whereas the activities of glutamate ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase) (EC6.3.1.2; both yγ- glutamyltransferase (EC2.3.2.2) and the forward reaction) were higher in the tannin-rich group. These changes were more marked in micro-organisms tightly bound to the solid matrix than in the more complex microbial compartment.4. The protein, DNA and RNA contents, and protein: RNA ratio, were significantly lower in the tannin-rich group, whereas no difference was observed for protein: DNA between the groups.5. Effects of tannin-containing extracts of oak leaves on various rumen enzymes in vitro showed a trend similar to that observed in nylon-gauze bags, suggesting that the changes observed in various compartments were due to the tannins of oak leaves.

scholarly journals Co-composted Biochar Enhances Growth, Physiological, and Phytostabilization Efficiency of Brassica napus and Reduces Associated Health Risks Under Chromium Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Bisma Tanvir ◽  
Wang Xiukang ◽  
Martin Brtnicky ◽  
Allah Ditta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Among heavy metals, chromium (Cr) contamination is increasing gradually due to the use of untreated industrial effluents for irrigation purposes, thereby posing a severe threat to crop production. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of compost, biochar (BC), and co-composted BC on the growth, physiological, biochemical attributes, and health risks associated with the consumption of Brassica grown on Cr-contaminated soil. Results revealed that Cr stress (Cr-25) significantly reduced the growth and physiological attributes and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in Brassica, but the applied amendments considerably retrieved the negative effects of Cr toxicity through improving the growth and physiology of plants. The maximum increase in plant height (75.3%), root length (151.0%), shoot dry weight (139.4%), root dry weight (158.5%), and photosynthetic rate (151.0%) was noted with the application of co-composted BC under Cr stress (Cr-25) in comparison to the control. The application of co-composted BC significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activities, such as APX (42.5%), GP (45.1%), CAT (45.4%), GST (47.8%), GR (47.1%), and RG (48.2%), as compared to the control under Cr stress. The same treatment reduced the accumulation of Cr in grain, shoot, and roots of Brassica by 4.12, 2.27, and 2.17 times and enhanced the accumulation in soil by 1.52 times as compared to the control. Moreover, the application of co-composted BC significantly enhanced phytostabilization efficiency and reduced associated health risks with the consumption of Brassica. It is concluded that the application of co-composted BC in Cr-contaminated soil can significantly enhance the growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes of Brassica by reducing its uptake in plants and enhanced phytostabilization efficiency. The tested product may also help in restoring the soils contaminated with Cr.

scholarly journals Short-term use of organic mulch increases microbial enzyme activities in pot soil

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Xiaobo TANG ◽  
Yoshinari YAMADERA ◽  
Toshitaka MIYAZAKI
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Microbial Enzyme
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