The synergid cell: attractor and acceptor of the pollen tube for double fertilization

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Higashiyama
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Synergid Cell

scholarly journals Pollen tube-triggered accumulation of NORTIA at the filiform apparatus facilitates fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Yan Ju ◽  
Daniel S. Jones ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Noel Lucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Filiform Apparatus ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Synergid Cell ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
And Function ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

AbstractDuring gamete delivery in Arabidopsis thaliana, intercellular communication between the attracted pollen tube and the receptive synergid cell leads to subcellular events in both cells culminating in the rupture of the tip-growing pollen tube and release of the sperm cells to achieve double fertilization. Live imaging of pollen tube reception revealed dynamic subcellular changes that occur in the female synergid cells. Pollen tube arrival triggers the trafficking of NORTIA (NTA) MLO protein from Golgi-associated compartments and the accumulation of endosomes at or near the synergid filiform apparatus, a membrane-rich region that acts as the site of communication between the pollen tube and synergids. Domain swaps and site-directed mutagenesis reveal that NTA’s C-terminal cytoplasmic tail with its calmodulin-binding domain influences the subcellular localization and function of NTA in pollen tube reception and that accumulation of NTA at the filiform apparatus is necessary and sufficient for MLO function in pollen tube reception.

Same same but different: sperm-activating EC1 and ECA1 gametogenesis-related family proteins

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Sprunck ◽  
Thomas Hackenberg ◽  
Maria Englhart ◽  
Frank Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Synergid Cell ◽  
Related Family ◽  
Short Amino Acid Sequence

During double fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana, the egg cell secretes small cysteine-rich EC1 (egg cell 1) proteins, which enable the arriving sperm pair to rapidly interact with the two female gametes. EC1 proteins are members of the large and unexplored group of ECA1 (early culture abundant 1) gametogenesis-related family proteins, characterized by a prolamin-like domain with six conserved cysteine residues that may form three pairs of disulfide bonds. The distinguishing marks of egg-cell-expressed EC1 proteins are, however, two short amino acid sequence motifs present in all EC1-like proteins. EC1 genes appear to encode the major CRPs (cysteine-rich proteins) expressed by the plant egg cell, and they are restricted to flowering plants, including the most basal extant flowering plant Amborella trichopoda. Many other ECA1 gametogenesis-related family genes are preferentially expressed in the synergid cell. Functional diversification among the ECA1 gametogenesis-related family is suggested by the different patterns of expression in the female gametophyte and the low primary sequence conservation.

scholarly journals Signaling at Physical Barriers during Pollen–Pistil Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12230
Author(s):  
Kayleigh J. Robichaux ◽  
Ian S. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Transmitting Tract ◽  
Guidance Cues ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Stigmatic Papillae

In angiosperms, double fertilization requires pollen tubes to transport non-motile sperm to distant egg cells housed in a specialized female structure known as the pistil, mediating the ultimate fusion between male and female gametes. During this journey, the pollen tube encounters numerous physical barriers that must be mechanically circumvented, including the penetration of the stigmatic papillae, style, transmitting tract, and synergid cells as well as the ultimate fusion of sperm cells to the egg or central cell. Additionally, the pollen tube must maintain structural integrity in these compact environments, while responding to positional guidance cues that lead the pollen tube to its destination. Here, we discuss the nature of these physical barriers as well as efforts to genetically and cellularly identify the factors that allow pollen tubes to successfully, specifically, and quickly circumnavigate them.

scholarly journals The SEEL Motif and Members of the MYB-related REVEILLE Transcription Factor Family are Important for the Expression of LORELEI in the Synergid Cells of the Arabidopsis Female Gametophyte

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Noble ◽  
Alex Seddon ◽  
Sahra Uygun ◽  
Steven E. Smith ◽  
Shin-Han Shiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Synergid Cell

Synergid cells in the micropylar end of the female gametophyte are required for critical cell-cell signaling interactions between the pollen tube and the ovule that precede double fertilization and seed formation in flowering plants. LORELEI (LRE) encodes a GPI-anchored protein that is expressed primarily in the synergid cells, and together with FERONIA, a receptor-like kinase, it controls pollen tube reception by the receptive synergid cell. Still, how LRE expression is controlled in synergid cells remains poorly characterized. We identified candidate cis-regulatory elements enriched in LRE and other synergid cell-expressed genes. One of the candidate motifs (TAATATCT) in the LRE promoter was an uncharacterized variant of the Evening Element motif that we named as the Short Evening Element-like (SEEL) motif. Deletion or point mutations in the SEEL motif of the LRE promoter resulted in decreased reporter expression in synergid cells, demonstrating that the SEEL motif is important for expression of LRE in synergid cells. Additionally, we found that LRE expression is decreased in the loss of function mutants of REVEILLE (RVE) transcription factors, which are clock genes known to bind the SEEL and other closely related motifs. We propose that RVE transcription factors regulate LRE expression in synergid cells by binding to the SEEL motif in the LRE promoter. Identification of a cis-regulatory element and transcription factors involved in the expression of LRE will serve as a foundation to characterize the gene regulatory networks in synergid cells and investigate the potential connection between circadian rhythm and fertilization.

Pollen tube entry into the synergid cell of Arabidopsis is observed at a site distinct from the filiform apparatus

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehoram Leshem ◽  
Cameron Johnson ◽  
Venkatesan Sundaresan
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Filiform Apparatus ◽  
Synergid Cell ◽  
A Site

Female gametophyte-controlled pollen tube guidance

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela-Luiza Márton ◽  
Thomas Dresselhaus
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance ◽  
Communication Events ◽  
Extensive Cell

During the evolution of flowering plants, their sperm cells have lost mobility and are transported from the stigma to the female gametophyte via the pollen tube to achieve double fertilization. Pollen tube growth and guidance is largely governed by the maternal sporophytic tissues of the stigma, style and ovule. However, the last phase of the pollen tube path is under female gametophyte control and is expected to require extensive cell–cell communication events between both gametophytes. Until recently, little was known about the molecules produced by the female gametophyte that are involved in this process. In the present paper, we review the most recent development in this field and focus on the role of secreted candidate signalling ligands.

scholarly journals Peptide signalling during the pollen tube journey and double fertilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (17) ◽  
pp. 5139-5150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Jia Qu ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Zijun Lan ◽  
Thomas Dresselhaus
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Double Fertilization

scholarly journals MYB98 Is Required for Pollen Tube Guidance and Synergid Cell Differentiation in Arabidopsis

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2981-2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryushiro D. Kasahara ◽  
Michael F. Portereiko ◽  
Linda Sandaklie-Nikolova ◽  
David S. Rabiger ◽  
Gary N. Drews
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance ◽  
Synergid Cell

scholarly journals CrRLK1L receptor-like kinases HERCULES RECEPTOR KINASE 1 and ANJEA are female determinants of pollen tube reception

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Galindo-Trigo ◽  
Noel Blanco-Touriñán ◽  
Thomas A. DeFalco ◽  
Eloise S. Wells ◽  
Julie E Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Filiform Apparatus ◽  
Synergid Cell ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Type Receptor

AbstractCommunication between the gametophytes is vital for angiosperm fertilisation. Multiple CrRLK1L-type receptor kinases prevent premature pollen tube burst, while another CrRLK1L protein, FERONIA (FER), is required for pollen tube burst in the female gametophyte. We report here the identification of two additional CrRLK1L homologues, HERCULES RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (HERK1) and ANJEA (ANJ), which act redundantly to promote pollen tube burst at the synergid cells. HERK1 and ANJ localise to the filiform apparatus of the synergid cells in unfertilised ovules, and in herk1 anj mutants a majority of ovules remain unfertilised due to pollen tube overgrowth, together indicating that HERK1 and ANJ act as female determinants for fertilisation. As in fer mutants, the synergid cell-specific, endomembrane protein NORTIA (NTA) is not relocalised after pollen tube reception; however, unlike fer mutants, reactive oxygen species levels are unaffected in herk1 anj double mutants. Both ANJ and HERK1 associate with FER and its proposed co-receptor LORELEI (LRE) in planta. Together, our data indicate that HERK1 and ANJ act with FER to mediate female-male gametophyte interactions during plant fertilisation.

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