Transition from a random to an ideal free to an ideal despotic distribution: the effect of individual difference in growth

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hakoyama ◽  
K. Iguchi
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Ideal Despotic Distribution ◽  
Ideal Free ◽  
Ideal Despotic

scholarly journals Testing the assumptions of the ideal despotic distribution with an unpredictable food supply: experiments in juvenile salmon

2005 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMANDA MACLEAN ◽  
FELICITY A. HUNTINGFORD ◽  
GRAEME D. RUXTON ◽  
IAN J. MORGAN ◽  
JUDITH HAMILTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Ideal Despotic Distribution ◽  
Ideal Despotic ◽  
The Ideal

scholarly journals Evolutionary conservation advice for despotic populations: habitat heterogeneity favours conflict and reduces productivity in Seychelles magpie robins

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1699) ◽  
pp. 3477-3482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés López-Sepulcre ◽  
Hanna Kokko ◽  
Ken Norris
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Population Regulation ◽  
Evolutionary Conservation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Territorial Conflict ◽  
Conservation Measure ◽  
Ideal Despotic Distribution ◽  
Demographic Theory ◽  
Effective Conservation ◽  
Ideal Despotic

Individual preferences for good habitat are often thought to have a beneficial stabilizing effect for populations. However, if individuals preferentially compete for better-quality territories, these may become hotspots of conflict. We show that, in an endangered species, this process decreases the productivity of favoured territories to the extent that differences in productivity between territories disappear. Unlike predictions from current demographic theory on site-dependent population regulation (ideal despotic distribution), we show that population productivity is reduced if resources are distributed unevenly in space. Competition for high-quality habitat can thus have detrimental consequences for populations even though it benefits individuals. Manipulating conflict (e.g. by reducing variation in habitat quality) can therefore prove an effective conservation measure in species with strong social or territorial conflict.

scholarly journals Territoriality and time budgets in beavers during sequential settlement

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1227-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart A. Nolet ◽  
Frank Rosell
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Linear Habitats ◽  
Ideal Despotic Distribution ◽  
No Man's Land ◽  
Main Food Source ◽  
Ideal Despotic ◽  
Salix Spp

Beavers (Castor fiber) were sequentially released into a previously unoccupied area. The settlement of the animals approximated an ideal despotic distribution: they successively settled in rich habitat and then in poor habitat, and then became floaters. This pattern is regarded as evidence that territorial behavior limited density. The early arrivals showed a seasonal difference in territory size (small in winter, large in late spring and summer), which was expected from optimal territory size theory but which was not found in later arrivals. In the first 2 years, the beavers were swimming very large distances (up to 20.0 km per night), and were apparently undergoing a long-term decline in body condition. Body temperature decreased during swimming, especially in winter (daily amplitude 2.04 °C). Each year, winter territories were about the size (7.9 ± 0.9 (SE) km, including 3.0 ± 0.4 km of wooded banks) that beavers could patrol daily without losing body condition. The number of territories established at any one time during the 5 years of study was only half the carrying capacity calculated on the basis of the current length of wooded banks within territories, in accordance with the prediction for sequential settlement in linear habitats. However, extensive no-man's-land was not present between territories, but early arrivals claimed larger territories than later ones. Social and thermoregulatory factors seem to play an important role in determining the costs of territory defense, and hence territory size. Overexploitation of the beaver's main food source, willow (Salix spp.), seems unlikely in this productive habitat.

Natal nutrition and the habitat distributions of male and female black-capped chickadees

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1495-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry van Oort ◽  
Ken A Otter
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Poecile Atricapillus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ideal Despotic Distribution ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Ideal Despotic

In nonmigratory passerines, dispersing juveniles may compete to settle in suitable habitat patches, leading to phenotypic assortment across habitat types. We compared the past natal nutrition of 1st year black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus (L., 1766)) that settled in two adjacent patches known to differ in suitability as breeding habitat: a mature mixed forest (good habitat) versus a young regenerating forest dominated by conifers (poor habitat). The past natal nutrition of recruits was estimated by measuring growth bars on their tail feathers grown as nestlings; growth bars were positively associated with body condition of birds at the time of capture, suggesting this measure may accurately reflect individual condition. Males that settled in either habitat had similar growth bar size; however, females that settled in the mature habitat had slightly larger growth bars than those in poor habitat. Individuals occupying the disturbed site were of similar size and in similar body condition compared with those that settled in the mature forest. These findings suggest that females may be more discriminating of habitat quality than males during natal dispersal, matching what is known about chickadee dispersal behaviour. We suggest that males are distributed with a non-ideal despotic distribution, whereas females are distributed with an ideal despotic distribution.

scholarly journals The Classic Period Maya transition from an ideal free to an ideal despotic settlement system at the polity of Uxbenká

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Prufer ◽  
Amy E. Thompson ◽  
Clayton R. Meredith ◽  
Brendan J. Culleton ◽  
Jillian M. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classic Period ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Ideal Free ◽  
Ideal Despotic

A temporally stable spatial pattern in the spawner density of a freshwater fish: evidence for an ideal despotic distribution

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig F Purchase ◽  
Jeffrey A Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Ideal Free Distribution ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Allee Effects ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Ideal Despotic Distribution ◽  
Ideal Despotic

We explore the causal basis for a temporally stable spatial pattern in the density of spawning individuals of a freshwater fish. Based on a comparatively long-term set of data spanning one decade, reproductively active brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) inhabiting a near-pristine river on Cape Race, southeastern Newfoundland, occupy areas of either high or low density. Compared with their low-density counterparts, high-density aggregations are typically more than 30 times denser despite occupying only 4% of the available habitat. High-density areas are characterized by slower flow and suspected groundwater or bog-water seepage, attributes likely to increase the probability of offspring survival in Freshwater River. Disparity in density between high- and low-density aggregations declined as total population size increased, a pattern consistent with the predictions of the ideal free distribution. The larger body sizes of trout in the high-density aggregations may prevent others from occupying the most preferred spawning habitat. This spatial pattern in spawner density is consistent with that predicted by an ideal despotic distribution, although we cannot discount the influence that Allee effects might have on the distributional patterns of spawning individuals at low population sizes.

scholarly journals Body size, habitat quality, and territory defense in Bachman’s sparrow

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Niederhauser ◽  
Morgan C. Slevin ◽  
Erik G. Noonburg ◽  
Rindy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Resource Defense ◽  
Territory Defense ◽  
Ideal Despotic Distribution ◽  
Ecological Disturbances ◽  
Ideal Despotic ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Many wild populations of animals conform to the ideal despotic distribution (IDD) in which more competitive individuals exclude less competitive individuals from high quality resources. Body size and aggressiveness are two important traits for resource defense, and they positively covary so that larger individuals are usually more aggressive. Using Bachman’s sparrows, we tested the hypothesis that larger birds are more aggressive and are thus able to compete for the best quality territories. We found that larger males were more aggressive, and more aggressive birds fledged at least one young. However, we did not find consistent relationships between aggressiveness and habitat characteristics. Our results suggest that Bachman’s sparrows meet most of the predictions of the IDD. Frequent ecological disturbances, such as fires, might disrupt the IDD or make it difficult to detect. Additional studies are needed to test for relationships between ecological disturbances and territorial behaviour.

scholarly journals Foraging, growth, and loss rate of young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in relation to habitat use in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2339-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle L Girard ◽  
James W.A Grant ◽  
Stefán Ó Steingrímsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Ideal Free Distribution ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Ideal Free ◽  
Ideal Despotic ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal despotic distribution predicts that individuals occupying preferred habitats will have higher fitness than those in less preferred habitats, whereas the ideal free distribution predicts that average fitness will be equal in all habitats. To test between these two alternatives, we studied habitat use in relation to foraging, growth, and loss rates of 216 individually tagged young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish were observed by snorkelling between 2 July and 4 September 1999 in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick. In a multiple logistic regression, the variables that best discriminated between the habitats used and not used by fish were mean flow velocity and water depth; the fish preferred habitats of intermediate flow velocity (6–48 cm·s–1) and depth (20–39 cm). Fish in preferred habitats experienced higher levels of food abundance and had higher foraging rates but did not differ in body size or growth rate compared with those in less preferred habitats, perhaps because of higher energetic costs. In addition, loss rate did not differ significantly between preferred and less preferred habitats. Our data suggest that salmonid populations at low density may be better described by an ideal free distribution rather than by an ideal despotic one.

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