Correspondence of male-to-male aggression to spatial distribution of individuals in field populations of a subsocial spider mite

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Saito ◽  
K. Mori ◽  
A. R. Chittenden ◽  
Y. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Male Aggression

scholarly journals Population abundance of red spider mite in different vegetables along with its spatial distribution and chemical control in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
NK Dutta ◽  
SN Alam ◽  
MK Uddin ◽  
M Mahmudunnabi ◽  
MF Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Mite Population ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Red Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Population abundance of red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch., was studied in cucmber, ribbed gourd, bitter gourd, snake gourd, aroids and teasle gourd and efficacy of four new acaricides were tested against this pest in brinjal at the farmer’s field of Norsingdi during 2009-2010. At the same time, the spatial distribution of this pest in brinjal crop was also studied. Results indicated that all the surveyed vegetables except bitter gourd were attacked by the mite with varying levels of infestation. However, the highest mite population per leaf was observed in brinjal (32.27) which was followed by cucumber (16.08) and teasle gourd (7.2). Mites were most densely populated in the lower canopy region in the brinjal plant. Among the tested acaricides, Lakad 1.8 EC (Abamectin) provided the highest (83.4%) reduction of mite population over control, although the other acaricides also gave good control of this pest. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 399-404, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12083

scholarly journals Male-male aggression peaks at intermediate relatedness in a social spider mite

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 2661-2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukie Sato ◽  
Martijn Egas ◽  
Maurice W. Sabelis ◽  
Atsushi Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Social Spider

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

SEM evaluation of the TEM cold-stage double-film specimen

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Jayesh Bellare
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Liquid Sample ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Film Specimen

Seeing is believing, but only after the sample preparation technique has received a systematic study and a full record is made of the treatment the sample gets.For microstructured liquids and suspensions, fast-freeze thermal fixation and cold-stage microscopy is perhaps the least artifact-laden technique. In the double-film specimen preparation technique, a layer of liquid sample is trapped between 100- and 400-mesh polymer (polyimide, PI) coated grids. Blotting against filter paper drains excess liquid and provides a thin specimen, which is fast-frozen by plunging into liquid nitrogen. This frozen sandwich (Fig. 1) is mounted in a cooling holder and viewed in TEM.Though extremely promising for visualization of liquid microstructures, this double-film technique suffers from a) ireproducibility and nonuniformity of sample thickness, b) low yield of imageable grid squares and c) nonuniform spatial distribution of particulates, which results in fewer being imaged.

Macroprobe Mode for the Study of Segregation in Steels

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Auclair Gilles ◽  
Benoit Danièle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optical Micrographs

During these last 10 years, high performance correction procedures have been developed for classical EPMA, and it is nowadays possible to obtain accurate quantitative analysis even for soft X-ray radiations. It is also possible to perform EPMA by adapting this accurate quantitative procedures to unusual applications such as the measurement of the segregation on wide areas in as-cast and sheet steel products.The main objection for analysis of segregation in steel by means of a line-scan mode is that it requires a very heavy sampling plan to make sure that the most significant points are analyzed. Moreover only local chemical information is obtained whereas mechanical properties are also dependant on the volume fraction and the spatial distribution of highly segregated zones. For these reasons we have chosen to systematically acquire X-ray calibrated mappings which give pictures similar to optical micrographs. Although mapping requires lengthy acquisition time there is a corresponding increase in the information given by image anlysis.

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