Effect of arterial administration of a high-molecular weight antitumor agent, styrene maleic acid neocarzinostatin, in embolization-resistant liver cancer

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
K. Ikeda ◽  
Satoshi Saitoh ◽  
Yoshiyuki Suzuki ◽  
Akihito Tsubota ◽  
Masahiro Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Styrene Maleic Acid Neocarzinostatin

Two new approaches based on dynamic carboxyl–hydroxyl or hydroxyl–carboxyl transformation for high molecular weight poly(butylene maleate)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (36) ◽  
pp. 5884-5892
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Sunan Tian ◽  
Zhining Xie ◽  
Zhao-Xia Guo ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Huge Challenge ◽  
High Molecular Weight Poly

Synthesis of high molecular weight maleic acid-based polyesters via a green approach is of great significance but also a huge challenge.

Studies on Chemically Modified Fibrinogen

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kloczewiak ◽  
Z Wegrzynowicz ◽  
F.R Matthias ◽  
D.L Heene ◽  
Maria Zajdel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Acid Anhydride ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Fibrinogen Molecule

SummaryTreatment of fibrinogen with maleic acid anhydride renders fibrinogen unclottable depending on the degree of modification of the molecule. According to radioactive studies the release of fibrinopeptides by thrombin or reptilase is undisturbed. The incoagulability is due to inhibition of the polymerization process of fibrinmonomers derived from modified fibrinogen, mainly caused by the increase of electronegative charges upon the fibrinogen molecule. According to discelectrophoretic analysis modified fibrinogen fails to produce fragments D and E following plasmic digestion, however, may be degraded to high molecular weight products. Modified fibrinogen reveals some similarities to abnormal fibrinogens in congenital dysfibrinogenemia with regard to its functional properties.

Microtubule motors and other maps

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Richard B. Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Organelle Transport ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Microtubule Motors ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intracellular Motility

Microtubules are involved in a number of forms of intracellular motility, including mitosis and bidirectional organelle transport. Purified microtubules from brain and other sources contain tubulin and a diversity of microtubule associated proteins (MAPs). Some of the high molecular weight MAPs - MAP 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B - are long, fibrous molecules that serve as structural components of the cytamatrix. Three MAPs have recently been identified that show microtubule activated ATPase activity and produce force in association with microtubules. These proteins - kinesin, cytoplasmic dynein, and dynamin - are referred to as cytoplasmic motors. The latter two will be the subject of this talk.Cytoplasmic dynein was first identified as one of the high molecular weight brain MAPs, MAP 1C. It was determined to be structurally equivalent to ciliary and flagellar dynein, and to produce force toward the minus ends of microtubules, opposite to kinesin.

Studies on the Functionality of Newly Synthesized Fibrinogen after Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction with Streptokinase, Increase in the Rate of Fibrinopeptide Release

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 0978-0983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edelmiro Regano ◽  
Virtudes Vila ◽  
Justo Aznar ◽  
Victoria Lacueva ◽  
Vicenta Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Steady State ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Fibrinopeptide A

SummaryIn 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction who received 1,500,000 U of streptokinase, the gradual appearance of newly synthesized fibrinogen and the fibrinopeptide release during the first 35 h after SK treatment were evaluated. At 5 h the fibrinogen circulating in plasma was observed as the high molecular weight fraction (HMW-Fg). The concentration of HMW-Fg increased continuously, and at 20 h reached values higher than those obtained from normal plasma. HMW-Fg represented about 95% of the total fibrinogen during the first 35 h. The degree of phosphorylation of patient fibrinogen increased from 30% before treatment to 65% during the first 5 h, and then slowly declined to 50% at 35 h.The early rates of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and phosphorylated fibrinopeptide A (FPAp) release are higher in patient fibrinogen than in isolated normal HMW-Fg and normal fibrinogen after thrombin addition. The early rate of fibrinopeptide B (FPB) release is the same for the three fibrinogen groups. However, the late rate of FPB release is higher in patient fibrinogen than in normal HMW-Fg and normal fibrinogen. Therefore, the newly synthesized fibrinogen clots faster than fibrinogen in the normal steady state.In two of the 15 patients who had occluded coronary arteries after SK treatment the HMW-Fg and FPAp levels increased as compared with the 13 patients who had patent coronary arteries.These results provide some support for the idea that an increased synthesis of fibrinogen in circulation may result in a procoagulant tendency. If this is so, the HMW-Fg and FPAp content may serve as a risk index for thrombosis.

The Effect of Dextran of Various Molecular Weight on the Coagulation in Dogs

1961 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 015-024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Erik Bergentz ◽  
Oddvar Eiken ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Coagulation Defects

Summary1. Infusions of low molecular weight dextran (Mw = 42 000) to dogs in doses of 1—1.5 g per kg body weight did not produce any significant changes in the coagulation mechanism.2. Infusions of high molecular weight dextran (Mw = 1 000 000) to dogs in doses of 1—1.5 g per kg body weight produced severe defects in the coagulation mechanism, namely prolongation of bleeding time and coagulation time, thrombocytopenia, pathological prothrombin consumption, decrease of fibrinogen, prothrombin and factor VII, factor V and AHG.3. Heparin treatment of the dogs was found to prevent the decrease of fibrinogen, prothrombin and factor VII, and factor V otherwise occurring after injection of high molecular weight dextran. Thrombocytopenia was not prevented.4. In in vitro experiments an interaction between fibrinogen and dextran of high and low molecular weight was found to take place in systems comprising pure fibrinogen. No such interaction occurred in the presence of plasma.5. It is concluded that the coagulation defects induced by infusions of high molecular weight dextran are due to intravascular coagulation.

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