Evaluation of additives used in gasoline vehicles in China: fuel economy, regulated gaseous pollutants and volatile organic compounds based on both chassis dynamometer and on-road tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boqiang Jin ◽  
Menglei Wang ◽  
Rencheng Zhu ◽  
Ming Jia ◽  
Yunjing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Volatile Organic

Development of a Condensation Refueling Gas Recovery System Based on Turbo Brayton Refrigeration Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian You Xiong ◽  
Wen Hai Lu ◽  
Zhi Yong Huo ◽  
Nan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Cycle Refrigerator

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from the refueling of gasoline vehicles and trucks. Controlling these emissions has been an important issue since the late 2000s in China. We have recently developed a condensation refueling gas recovery system to recover the VOCs from gaseous wastes at a bulk gasoline terminal. In this system VOC vapor is condensed by a reversed turbo-Brayton cycle refrigerator. The recovery system has a capacity of 100 Nm3/hr at the lowest condensation temperature of 190K. It has been put into use since 2008. The achieved recovery efficiency is 96% and the emission of VOCs is less than 8 g/m3 at the exit of the recovery system.

scholarly journals Comparison of primary aerosol emission and secondary aerosol formation from gasoline direct injection and port fuel injection vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 9011-9023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuofei Du ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
Jianfei Peng ◽  
Wenbin Zhang ◽  
Jing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Port Fuel Injection ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Gasoline vehicles significantly contribute to urban particulate matter (PM) pollution. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, known for their higher fuel efficiency than that of port fuel injection (PFI) engines, have been increasingly employed in new gasoline vehicles. However, the impact of this trend on air quality is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated both primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from a GDI and a PFI vehicle under an urban-like driving condition, using combined approaches involving chassis dynamometer measurements and an environmental chamber simulation. The PFI vehicle emits slightly more volatile organic compounds, e.g., benzene and toluene, whereas the GDI vehicle emits more particulate components, e.g., total PM, elemental carbon, primary organic aerosols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Strikingly, we found a much higher SOA production (by a factor of approximately 2.7) from the exhaust of the GDI vehicle than that of the PFI vehicle under the same conditions. More importantly, the higher SOA production found in the GDI vehicle exhaust occurs concurrently with lower concentrations of traditional SOA precursors, e.g., benzene and toluene, indicating a greater contribution of intermediate volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds in the GDI vehicle exhaust to the SOA formation. Our results highlight the considerable potential contribution of GDI vehicles to urban air pollution in the future.

Characteristics of roadside volatile organic compounds in an urban area dominated by gasoline vehicles, a case study in Hanoi

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 126749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bich-Thuy Ly ◽  
Yoshizumi Kajii ◽  
Thi-Yen-Lien Nguyen ◽  
Koki Shoji ◽  
Dieu-Anh Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Tracking Separate Contributions of Diesel and Gasoline Vehicles to Roadside PM<sub>2.5</sub> Through Online Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds, PM<sub>2.5</sub> Organic and Elemental Carbon: A Six-Year Study in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Ka Wong ◽  
X. H. Hilda Huang ◽  
Peter K. K. Louie ◽  
Alfred L. C. Yu ◽  
Damgy H. L. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Vehicular emissions contribute a significant portion to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in urban areas. Knowledge of the relative contribution of gasoline versus diesel powered vehicles is highly policy relevant and yet there lacks an effective observation-based method to determine this quantity, especially for its robust tracking over a period of years. In this work, we present an approach to track separate contributions by gasoline and diesel vehicles through positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of online monitoring data measurable by relatively inexpensive analytical instruments. They are PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), C2–C9 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., pentanes, benzene, xylenes, etc) and nitrogen oxides concentrations. The method was applied to monitoring data spanning over six years between 2011 and 2017 in a roadside environment in Hong Kong. We found that diesel vehicles accounted for ~ 70–90 % of the vehicular PM2.5 (PMvehicle) over the years and the remaining from gasoline vehicles. The diesel PMvehicle during a truck- and a bus-dominated periods showed declining trends, in coincidence with control efforts targeting at diesel commercial vehicles and franchised buses in the intervening period. The combined PMvehicle from diesel and gasoline vehicles by PMF agrees well with an independent estimate by the EC-tracer method, both confirming PMvehicle contributed significantly to the PM2.5 in this urban environment (~ 4–8 µg m−3, representing 30–60 % in summer and 10–20 % in winter). Our work shows that long-term monitoring of roadside VOCs and PM2.5 OC and EC is effective for tracking gaseous and PM pollutants from different vehicle categories. This work also demonstrates the value of evidence-based approach in support of effective control policy formulation.

scholarly journals A comprehensive study of volatile organic compounds from the actual emission of Chinese cooking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyi Sun ◽  
Liyun Zhao ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Lei Nie ◽  
Aijun Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Catering Industry ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Ozone Formation Potential ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
High Hazard ◽  
Main Components

Abstract China’s current perspective for big cities were filled with great population, great number of restaurants, growing gaseous pollutants and great pollution. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were main components of catering industry gaseous pollutants. In this study, we collected and analyzed VOCs from Home cooking (HC), Sichuan and Hunan cuisine (S&H), Shandong cuisine (SD), Anhui cuisine (AH), Beijing cuisine (BJ) and Barbecue (BBQ). The result showed that BBQ gave the highest VOCs concentration (6287.61 µg•m− 3), followed by HC (1806.11 ± 2401.85 µg•m− 3), SD (2238.55 ± 2413.53 µg•m− 3), AH (1745.89 µg•m− 3), S&H (1373.58 ± 1457.45 µg•m− 3) and BJ (288.81 µg•m− 3). The abundance of alkane was higher among BBQ, Anhui Cuisine and HC with the proportion from 33–71%. SD contained higher halohydrocarbons proportion (33%). BJ characterized by high-oxygenated volatile organic compounds proportion (50%). The ozone formation potential (OFP) of BBQ was much greater than other cuisines. The degree of stench pollution from cooking VOCs of HC was 17.51 ± 16.95, followed by S&H (15.77 ± 16.85), SD (15.12 ± 14.17), AH (16.29), BBQ (2.58) and BJ (1.81). Benzene had highest life cancer risk (LCR) in SD (2.11⋅10− 5 ± 3.12⋅10− 5), following HC (4.50⋅10− 6 ± 3.83⋅10− 6) and S&H (4.08⋅10− 6 ± 4.49⋅10− 6). Acrolein had a high hazard index (HI) in HC (789.81 ± 768.77), following AH (728.78), S&H (689.89 ± 776.07), SD (664.29 ± 648.77), BBQ (65.93) and BJ (62.84).

Source apportionment of particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, and volatile organic compounds in a future smart city of India

Urban Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 100470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Yadav ◽  
Kusum Soni ◽  
Bhupendra Kumar Soni ◽  
Nitin Kumar Singh ◽  
Babu Ram Bamniya
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Tracking separate contributions of diesel and gasoline vehicles to roadside PM<sub>2.5</sub> through online monitoring of volatile organic compounds and PM<sub>2.5</sub> organic and elemental carbon: a 6-year study in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 9871-9882
Author(s):  
Yee Ka Wong ◽  
X. H. Hilda Huang ◽  
Peter K. K. Louie ◽  
Alfred L. C. Yu ◽  
Damgy H. L. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Vehicular emissions contribute a significant portion to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in urban areas. Knowledge of the relative contribution of gasoline- versus diesel-powered vehicles is highly relevant for policymaking, and yet there is a lack of an effective observation-based method to determine this quantity, especially for its robust tracking over a period of years. In this work, we present an approach to track separate contributions of gasoline and diesel vehicles through the positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of online monitoring data measurable by relatively inexpensive analytical instruments. They are PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), C2–C9 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., pentanes, benzene, xylenes, etc.), and nitrogen oxide concentrations. The method was applied to monitoring data spanning more than 6 years between 2011 and 2017 in a roadside environment in Hong Kong. We found that diesel vehicles accounted for ∼70 %–90 % of the vehicular PM2.5 (PMvehicle) over the years and the remainder from gasoline vehicles. The diesel PMvehicle during truck- and bus-dominated periods showed declining trends simultaneous with control efforts targeted at diesel commercial vehicles and franchised buses in the intervening period. The combined PMvehicle from diesel and gasoline vehicles by PMF agrees well with an independent estimate by the EC-tracer method, both confirming PMvehicle contributed significantly to the PM2.5 in this urban environment (∼4–8 µg m−3, representing 30 %–60 % in summer and 10 %–20 % in winter). Our work shows that the long-term monitoring of roadside VOCs and PM2.5 OC and EC is effective for tracking gaseous and PM pollutants from different vehicle categories. This work also demonstrates the value of an evidence-based approach in support of effective control policy formulation.

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