scholarly journals Deep-inelastic inclusive ep scattering at low x and a determination of $\alpha_s$

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Adloff et al. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low X

X-Ray Absorption-Edge Determination of Cobalt in Complex Mixtures*

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
E.A. Hakkila ◽  
G.R. Waterbury
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Absorption Edge ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Low X ◽  
X Ray Absorption

AbstractThe application of the X-ray absorption-edge technique was extended to the determination of cobalt in aqueous and alcoholic solutions containing a wide variety of impurity elements. In the procedure developed, secondary radiation from a 50% copper-nickel alloy is passed through an absorption cell filled alternately with the solvent and the sample solution. The transmitted Intensities of the Kα lines for copper and nickel are measured, and the concentration of cobalt is determined using accepted absorption principles. The K absorption edge for cobalt occurs at 1.604 A, restricting cell construction materials and solvents to those containing light elements with low X-ray absorption characteristics and also limiting the path length of the cell.Cells of 0.16- and 0.34-cm path length were used in the analysis of aqueous and alcoholic solutions, respectively. With the 0.16-cm path-length cell, relative standard deviations of 4.6 to 0.5% were obtained for cobalt concentrations ranging from 1.00 to 10.00 mg/ml for known aqueous solutions that contain various known concentrations of nitric acid. With the longer path-length cell, relative standard deviations from 1.8 to 0.46% were obtained for cobalt concentrations in the same range in known alcoholic solutions containing various known concentrations of nitric acid. The standard deviation of determining the blank is 0.043 mg of cobalt per milliliter for the 0.16-cm cell and 0.016 mg of cobalt per milliliter for the longer cell.A Norelco X-ray spectrograph with a three-position head was used in these analyses. Less than 5 min is required to convert this instrument from normal fluorescence operation to absorption-edge analysis. Approximately 15 to 20 analyses can be performed daily.

scholarly journals A first determination of the surface density of galaxy clusters at very low x-ray fluxes

1995 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. L11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Rosati ◽  
Roberta della Ceca ◽  
Richard Burg ◽  
Colin Norman ◽  
Riccardo Giacconi
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low X

CHARACTERISATION OF TLDS-200 AND OSLDS AT LOW X-RAY ENERGIES AND DETERMINATION OF EYE LENS DOSE, THYROID DOSE AND MEAN GLANDULAR DOSE DURING STANDARD MAMMOGRAPHY AND TOMOSYNTHESIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
R Pirchio ◽  
A Stefanic ◽  
R R Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Breast Tomosynthesis ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Full Field Digital Mammography ◽  
Low X ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeters

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterise thermoluminescent (TLDs) and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs) at low X-ray energies and estimate the eye lens (DL), thyroid (DT) and mean glandular (DG) doses received during Full-Field Digital Mammography (FFDM) and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT). The dosimeters were characterised in mammography energies. DL, DT and DG were estimated in FFDM and DBT mode taping dosimeters on the skin of the thyroid gland and on the left eye lens of an Alderson phantom. Dosimeters were also placed on the top of a NORMI PAS phantom simulating a compressed breast. The accuracy, precision and lower limit of detection (LLD) for TLDs and OSLDs were 5 and 8%, 6 and 3%, and 38 and 11 μSv, respectively. The linearity of the kerma response had an R2 > 0.99 and energy dependence was lower than 40%. DT ranged from 0.40 to 2.87 μGy for FFDM and 1.27 to 5.99 μGy for DBT. DG was between 0.50 and 1.27 mGy for FFDM and 1.07 and 1.60 mGy for DBT. DL was below the LLD. Dosimeters showed good performance. DG values were lower than those found in the literature, whereas DT value agreed with references. Differences between DG and DT determined with OSLDs and TLDs were lower than 10% and 200%.

scholarly journals A direct determination of the gluon density in the proton at low x

1995 ◽  
Vol 449 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aid ◽  
V. Andreev ◽  
B. Andrieu ◽  
R.-D. Appuhn ◽  
M. Arpagaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Determination ◽  
Gluon Density ◽  
Low X

scholarly journals 3D-MiXD: 3D-printed X-ray-compatible microfluidic devices for rapid, low-consumption serial synchrotron crystallography data collection in flow

IUCrJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. F. Monteiro ◽  
David von Stetten ◽  
Claudia Stohrer ◽  
Marta Sans ◽  
Arwen R. Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Serial Crystallography ◽  
Low X ◽  
Very High

Serial crystallography has enabled the study of complex biological questions through the determination of biomolecular structures at room temperature using low X-ray doses. Furthermore, it has enabled the study of protein dynamics by the capture of atomically resolved and time-resolved molecular movies. However, the study of many biologically relevant targets is still severely hindered by high sample consumption and lengthy data-collection times. By combining serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) with 3D printing, a new experimental platform has been created that tackles these challenges. An affordable 3D-printed, X-ray-compatible microfluidic device (3D-MiXD) is reported that allows data to be collected from protein microcrystals in a 3D flow with very high hit and indexing rates, while keeping the sample consumption low. The miniaturized 3D-MiXD can be rapidly installed into virtually any synchrotron beamline with only minimal adjustments. This efficient collection scheme in combination with its mixing geometry paves the way for recording molecular movies at synchrotrons by mixing-triggered millisecond time-resolved SSX.

scholarly journals Determination of the longitudinal proton structure function FL(x,Q2) at low x

1997 ◽  
Vol 393 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 452-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Adloff ◽  
S. Aid ◽  
M. Anderson ◽  
V. Andreev ◽  
B. Andrieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Proton Structure Function ◽  
Proton Structure ◽  
Low X

scholarly journals Towards a determination of the low $x$ gluon via exclusive $J/\psi$ production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Flett ◽  
Stephen Jones ◽  
Alan Martin ◽  
Misha G. Ryskin ◽  
Thomas Teubner
Keyword(s):  
Low X ◽  
Psi Production

Auger and EELS Study of a-Si1−x Cx:H Alloys

1991 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.De Seta ◽  
P. Narducci ◽  
F. Evangelisti
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Local Bonding ◽  
Auger Spectra ◽  
Low X ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

ABSTRACTIt is shown that Auger and electron energy loss spectroscopies can provide a well defined picture of the local bonding and structure of a-Si1−x Cx:H alloys. The samples were found macroscopically homogeneous but microscopically heterogeneous on a scale of few Angstroms. A simple model where the tetrahedral network is chemically ordered at low x values and carbon tends to segregate in C-C microclusters at high x values seems to reproduce the data very well. By fitting the C and Si Auger spectra it was possible to have a quantitative determination of the percentage of different configurations.

A FEW APPROACHES TO REMOVE AMBIGUOUS FACTORS IN X-RAY SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

1993 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SERA ◽  
S. FUTATSUGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Response Function ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Identification ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Peak Functions ◽  
Low X ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
Ray Series

A few attempts have been done to reduce ambiguous factors in the analysis of complex x-ray spectra. Uncertainty in peak identification and separation due to overlapping of x-ray peaks can be reduced by taking into account the response function of x-ray peaks and by using peak functions including all the x-ray sub-lines in a x-ray series. Ambiguous factors due to discontinuity of backgrounds which is sometimes followed by huge peaks can be reduced by considering contributions from the pile-up, escape and tail functions. The problem of uncertainty in the background fitting in a region of low x-ray energy, where many peaks overlap each other and determination of the background function contains much difficulties and ambiguities, can be solved by using peak functions involving tails in place of Gaussians.

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