Compact and Low-Cost Heat Exchangers for an Undergraduate Laboratory

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
F. Javier Peňas ◽  
Ana Elías ◽  
Astrid Barona
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Undergraduate Laboratory

Design and Analysis of Thermoacoustic Refrigerators Using Air as Working Substance

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950008 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Prashantha ◽  
S. Seetharamu ◽  
G. S. V. L. Narasimham ◽  
M. R. Praveen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Software Simulation ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Resonator Design ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Thermoacoustic Refrigerators

In this paper, the design of 50 W thermoacoustic refrigerators operating with air as working substance at 10 bar pressure and 3% drive ratio for a temperature difference of 28 K is described. The design strategies discussed in this paper help in design and development of low cost thermoacoustic coolers compared to helium as the working substance. The design and optimization of spiral stack and heat exchangers, and the promising 0.2[Formula: see text] and 0.15[Formula: see text] resonator design with taper and divergent section with hemispherical end are discussed. The surface area, volume, length and power density of the hemispherical end design with air as working substance is found better compared to the published 10 and 50 W coolers using helium as the working substance. The theoretical design results are validated using DeltaEC software simulation results. The DeltaEC predicts 51.4% improvement in COP (1.273) at the cold heat exchanger temperature of [Formula: see text]C with air as working substance for the 50[Formula: see text]W 0.15[Formula: see text]TDH resonator design compared to the published 50[Formula: see text]W 0.25[Formula: see text]TDH resonator design with helium as working substance.

Oxygen Liquefier Using a Mixed Gas Refrigeration Cycle

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayaraghavan Chakravarthy ◽  
Joe Weber ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Rashad ◽  
Arun Acharya ◽  
Dante Bonaquist
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Unit Power ◽  
Design Selection ◽  
Pressure Swing

This paper presents the design, selection of equipment, testing, and analysis of a 2 TPD (76 kg/hr) prototype oxygen liquefier that employs a mixed gas refrigeration cycle. Small scale oxygen plants (30–60 TPD) based on VPSA systems (Vapor Pressure Swing Adsorption) periodically require liquid back-up to provide uninterrupted supply of O2 gas to customers during planned plant maintenance. Supply of liquid for back-up, especially to customers in remote locations, is expensive and difficult. Economically designed MGR liquefiers will fulfill this market need. The 2 TPD prototype O2 liquefier is based on the dual loop MGR Rankine cycle (see Figure 1). The forecooler loop provides refrigeration at the warm end (233K). R507 is used as a refrigerant for the forecooler in the warm end loop. The main refrigeration loop uses a mixture of R218, R14 and N2. The main advantage of separating the refrigerants into two different loops is to avoid freezing of high boiling point refrigerants at liquid O2 temperatures in the main refrigeration loop. The process and mixture composition were optimized using the HYSYS process simulation package. Very useful insights were gained in terms of reducing the irreversibilities in the heat exchanger. Low cost innovative designs were adopted for the heat exchangers. For example: (1) plate-and-frame heat exchangers were successfully used for multiple gas streams, (ii) a spirally wound coiled heat exchanger was used to liquefy oxygen. Similarly, the compressors used in the forecooler and main cycle were low cost, off-the-shelf items used in conventional refrigeration systems. The liquefier unit was initially demonstrated and a liquid making capacity of 1.5 TPD at a unit power of 44 kW/TPD was achieved. Subsequent modifications to the heat exchangers resulted in meeting the design expectations at a unit power of 37 kW/TPD.

scholarly journals Low Cost Polymer heat Exchangers for Condensing Boilers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Butcher ◽  
Rebecca Trojanowski ◽  
George Wei ◽  
Michael Worek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymer Heat Exchangers

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Heat Exchangers: A Review of Research and Development

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Eugene H. Kinelski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mechanical Cleaning

The goal of the OTEC heat exchanger program within the Division of Ocean Energy Systems in the U.S. Department of Energy was to develop designs, evaluate enhanced surfaces, and control biofouling using corrosion-resistant materials that were cost-effective. This report summarizes the available data on a closed-cycle OTEC power system and shows how such data could be applicable to heat exchangers used by the power industry, the U.S. Navy, and merchant ships. Ammonia was selected as the best choice for an OTEC working fluid because of its superior thermodynamics properties at the temperatures involved and its low cost. It was chosen for the advanced tests of the prototypical shell-and-tube and compact heat exchangers. The most effective biocontrol procedure for maintaining clean heat transfer surfaces in the evaporators was intermittent chlorination with possibly periodic mechanical cleaning. Preliminary, short-term test data indicated that cold seawater (at the Seacoast Test Facility at Ke-ahole Point, Hawaii) does not appear to cause fouling in condensers; however, long-term data are still needed to determine the level of biocontrol needed. Titanium and the high-alloy stainless alloys, such as AL-6X and AL-29-4C, are expected to provide the 30-year life in OTEC systems. The use of aluminum alloys is predicated upon the reduction of frequency of mechanical cleaning (to remove biofouling) that will reduce the erosion-corrosion of the heat-transfer surfaces.

Assessing grouting mix thermo-physical properties for shallow geothermal systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Garbin ◽  
Ludovico Mascarin ◽  
Eloisa Di Sipio ◽  
Gilberto Artioli ◽  
Javier Urchueguía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Geological Formations ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties

<p>The main goal of the EU funded GEO4CIVHIC project is the development of more efficient and low-cost geothermal systems for conditioning retrofitting civil and historical buildings. In this framework, the identification of the most appropriate grout for different heat exchangers is a key factor for improving the overall efficiency of shallow geothermal systems. Therefore, a dedicated investigation was focused on the selection and optimization of the thermo-physical properties of grouting products to be used for:</p><ul><li>the sealing of the coaxial geothermal probes’ head characterized by different installation depths</li> <li>the sealing of the coaxial geothermal heat exchangers by filling the annular gap between the outer casing and the geological formations exposed to the wellbore</li> </ul><p> </p><p>In both cases, the thermo-physical behavior of conventional and thermal enhanced grouts has been determined in laboratory for the purpose of manufacturing satisfactory cement based grouts with a real in-situ application. On the one hand, it is important to identify the grout mixtures having a suitable in situ workability, that is those satisfying specific conditions in terms of injection pressure, grout flowability, open working time and costs. On the other, it is essential to determine those providing optimal heat transfer between the probe and the surrounding ground.</p><p>Several lab experiments were performed on commercially available and enhanced selected mixtures to define (i) the workability and the flowability of the grouts; (ii) fundamental properties like mechanical strength, thermal conductivity and permeability of the hardened materials; (iii) leakage and calorimetric behavior, useful to identify sealing properties and grout setting times; (iv) viscosity and (v) density of the cement based mixture able to give information about the grout rate of descent and thus its pumpability under pressure.</p><p>Lastly, according to the lab results, few grout mixtures were selected as the best choice to be applied in situ for sealing the head of the geothermal probes’ and the annular space between the outer casing and the geological formations exposed to the wellbore. Therefore, this work attempts to address a knowledge gap of the thermo-physical properties, behavior and characterization of grouts for borehole heat exchangers (BHE), that are little studied and known.</p><p> </p>

Enhanced Gas-Side Heat Transfer in Rectangular Micro-Honeycombs

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Krishnan ◽  
Steve Leith ◽  
Terry Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Heat Transfer Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transfer Performance ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Heat Transfer Augmentation

Gas and air-side heat transfer is ubiquitous throughout many technological sectors, including HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) systems, thermo-electric power generators and coolers, renewable energy, electronics and vehicle cooling, and forced-draft cooling in the petrochemical and power industries. The poor thermal conductivity and low heat capacity of air causes air-side heat transfer to typically dominate heat transfer resistance even with the use of extended area structures. In this paper, we report design, analysis, cost modeling, fabrication, and performance characterization of micro-honeycombs for gas-side heat transfer augmentation in thermoelectric (TE) cooling and power systems. Semi-empirical model aided by experimental validation was undertaken to characterize fluid flow and heat transfer parameters. We explored a variety of polygonal shapes to optimize the duct shape for air-side heat transfer enhancement. Predictions using rectangular micro-honeycomb heat exchangers, among other polygonal shapes, suggest that these classes of geometries are able to provide augmented heat transfer performance in high-temperature energy recovery streams and low-temperature cooling streams. Based on insight gained from theoretical models, rectangular micro-honeycomb heat exchangers that can deliver high performance were fabricated and tested. High- and low-cost manufacturing prototype designs with different thermal performance expectations were fabricated to explore the cost-performance design domain. Simple metrics were developed to correlate heat transfer performance with heat exchanger cost and weight and define optimum design points. The merits of the proposed air-side heat transfer augmentation approach are also discussed within the context of relevant thermoelectric power and cooling systems.

A Low-Cost and Simplified Digital Image Correlation Software Package for Use in Undergraduate Teaching Laboratories

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Hieb ◽  
Michael Hargather
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Undergraduate Teaching ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Undergraduate Laboratory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
As Stress

Digital image correlation (DIC) has become an industry staple quickly replacing classic techniques. High-speed images are taken of a material sample being deformed, then algorithms applied to calculate variables of sample deformation such as stress, strain, displacement and displacement velocity. Currently, the analysis technology is not available at the level of simplicity and accessibility needed to teach the methods in an undergraduate laboratory. This project aims to develop a single program to perform DIC that is simple to use, accurate, and available at low cost. This paper describes the state of current DIC algorithm research, drawbacks of available technologies, the development cycle of the software including the techniques used to obtain the necessary accuracy and performance, and a demonstration of the DIC functionality in comparison to results obtained from commercial software.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer Enhancement by Using Different Types of Inserts

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 250354 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tabatabaeikia ◽  
H. A. Mohammed ◽  
N. Nik-Ghazali ◽  
B. Shahizare
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Twisted Tape ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Twisted Tapes ◽  
High Efficient

Heat transfer enhancement has been always a significantly interesting topic in order to develop high efficient, low cost, light weight, and small heat exchangers. The energy cost and environmental issue are also encouraging researchers to achieve better performance than the existing designs. Two of the most effective ways to achieve higher heat transfer rate in heat exchangers are using different kinds of inserts and modifying the heat exchanger tubes. There are different kinds of inserts employed in the heat exchanger tubes such as helical/twisted tapes, coiled wires, ribs/fins/baffles, and winglets. This paper presents an overview about the early studies on the improvement of the performance of thermal systems by using different kinds of inserts. Louvered strip insert had better function in backward flow compared to forward one. Modifying the shape of twisted tapes led to a higher efficiency in most of the cases excpet for perforated twisted tape and notched twisted tape. Combination of various inserts and tube with artificial roughness provided promising results. In case of using various propeller types, heat transfer enhancement was dependent on higher number of blades and blade angle and lower pitch ratio.

scholarly journals Thermal-hydraulic performance prediction of two new heat exchangers using RBF based on different DOE

Open Physics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-304
Author(s):  
Chulin Yu ◽  
Youqiang Wang ◽  
Haiqing Zhang ◽  
Bingjun Gao ◽  
Yin He
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Precise Prediction ◽  
Parameter Spread ◽  
Uniform Design Method

Abstract Thermal performance prediction with high precision and low cost is always the need for designers of heat exchangers. Three typical design of experiments (DOE) known as Taguchi design method (TDM), Uniform design method (UDM), and Response surface method (RSM) are commonly used to reduce experimental cost. The radial basis function artificial neural network (RBF) based on different DOE is used to predict the thermal performance of two new parallel-flow shell and tube heat exchangers. The applicability and expense of ten different prediction methods (RBF + TDML9, RBF + TDML18, RBF + UDM, RBF + TDML9 + UDM, RBF + TDML18 + UDM, RBF + RSM, RBF + RSM + TDML9, RBF + RSM + TDML18, RBF + RSM + UDM, RSM) are discussed. The results show that the RBF + RSM is a very efficient method for the precise prediction of thermal-hydraulic performance: the minimum error is 2.17% for Nu and 5.30% for f. For RBF, it is not true that the more of train data, the more precision of the prediction. The parameter “spread” of RBF should be adjusted to optimize the prediction results. The prediction using RSM only can also obtain a good balance between precision and time cost with a maximum prediction error of 14.52%.

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