The medial prefrontal cortex as a part of the brain reward system

Amino Acids ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Tzschentke
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

scholarly journals Disrupted functional connectivity of the brain reward system in substance use problems: a meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules R. Dugré ◽  
Pierre Orban ◽  
Stéphane Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

ABSTRACTImportanceExtensive literature suggests that the brain reward system is crucial in understanding the neurobiology of substance use disorders. However, across studies on substance use problems, evidence of reliable disruptions in functional connectivity is limited.ObjectiveTo uncover deficient functional connectivity with the brain reward system that are reliably associated with substance use problems, by meta-analytically synthesizing results of functional brain connectivity studies on substance use problems.Data SourcesIdentification of relevant functional brain connectivity studies on substance misuse was done using PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE (until September 2021) with the following terms: cannabis, cocaine, substance, methamphetamine, amphetamine, alcohol, tobacco, nicotine, functional connectivity, resting-state, task-based connectivity, psychophysiological interaction.Study SelectionGuidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses were followed, Publications were included if they reported stereotactic coordinates of functional brain connectivity results on individuals with substance use problems without a comorbid major mental illness or organic impairment.Data Extraction and SynthesisSpatially convergent brain regions across functional connectivity studies on subjects with substance use problems were analyzed using Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis.Altered connectivity with regions of the brain reward system was performed carried out through voxelwise seed-based meta-analyses. Subanalyses were performed to examine mediating factors such as severity of illness, connectivity modalities and types of substances.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIdentification of deficits in functional brain connectivity with the reward system across studies on substance use problems.ResultsNinety-six studies using a seed-based connectivity approach were included, representing 5757 subjects with substance use problems. In subjects with substance use problems, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex exhibited hyperconnectivity with the ventral striatum, and hypoconnectivity with the amygdala and hippocampus. Executive striatum showed hyperconnectivity with motor thalamus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and hypoconnectivity with anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula. Finally, the limbic striatum was found to be hyperconnected to the orbitofrontal cortex, and hypoconnected to the precuneus, compared to healthy subjects.Conclusions and RelevanceThe current study provided meta-analytical evidence of deficient functional connectivity between brain regions of the reward system and cortico-striato-thalamocortical loops in addiction, in line with current influential neurobiological models. These results are consistent with deficits in motivation and habit formation occurring in addiction, and they also highlight alterations in brain regions involved in socio-emotional processing and attention salience.KEY POINTSQuestionWhat functional brain connectivities with the brain reward system are reliably disrupted across studies on substance use problems?FindingsSubjects with substance use problems exhibited deficient connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and subcortical structures including the ventral striatum, amygdala, and hippocampus. Executive striatum showed hyperconnectivity with motor thalamus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and hypoconnectivity with anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula. Altered connectivity between limbic striatum and core regions of the default mode network was also observed.MeaningDeficient functional brain connectivity along the cortico-striato-thalamocortical loops may reflect deficits in habit formation, socio-emotional and salience processing in addiction.

scholarly journals Cocaine has some effect on neuromedin U expressing neurons related to the brain reward system

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e03947
Author(s):  
Madoka Anan ◽  
Ryoko Higa ◽  
Kenshiro Shikano ◽  
Masahito Shide ◽  
Akinobu Soda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward System ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

S.12.02 Targeting VGLUT2 in dopamine neurons affects the brain reward system

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S128-S129
Author(s):  
A. Wallén-Mackenzie ◽  
E. Arvidsson ◽  
E. Restrepo ◽  
S. Pupe Johann ◽  
E. Perland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward System ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

scholarly journals Effects of amphetamine on the human brain opioid system – a positron emission tomography study

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joar Guterstam ◽  
Nitya Jayaram-Lindström ◽  
Simon Cervenka ◽  
J. James Frost ◽  
Lars Farde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

Abstract Studies in rodents have shown that psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine cause endorphin release in the brain reward system. There is also evidence for the involvement of the opioid system in human psychostimulant dependence. The acute effects of an i.v. psychostimulant drug on the brain opioid system, however, have not yet been investigated in humans. We hypothesized that an i.v. dose of amphetamine as compared to placebo would cause an opioid release in the human brain reward system, measurable as a reduction of the binding potential of the µ-opioid receptor radioligand [11C]carfentanil. Ten healthy young men were examined using positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]carfentanil in three sessions: at baseline; after placebo; after an i.v. amphetamine dose of 0.3 mg/kg bodyweight. The order of amphetamine and placebo was double-blinded and randomized. PET examinations were performed with a Siemens high resolution research tomograph. Data were analysed with the simplified reference tissue model, applying manually drawn regions of interest for every subject. Using repeated measures analysis of variance, we found no significant differences in [11C]carfentanil binding potential between amphetamine and placebo conditions in any of the investigated brain regions. In contrast to data from rodent studies and a recent study of oral amphetamine administration in humans, an i.v. dose of amphetamine does not cause any acute opioid release in healthy human subjects. The postulated role of the opioid system in mediating the effects of amphetamine needs to be further investigated in animal models of the disease as well as in patient populations.

Predisposing biomarkers of addiction in the brain reward system

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. S1070
Author(s):  
A. Just ◽  
C. Meng ◽  
D.G. Smith ◽  
E.T. Bullmore ◽  
T.W. Robbins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward System ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

Dysfunction of the brain reward system in addiction

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
A. Heinz ◽  
J. Wrase ◽  
S. Grüsser ◽  
D. Braus ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward System ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

scholarly journals Neuroplasticity and Multilevel System of Connections Determine the Integrative Role of Nucleus Accumbens in the Brain Reward System

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9806
Author(s):  
Martyna Bayassi-Jakowicka ◽  
Grazyna Lietzau ◽  
Ewelina Czuba ◽  
Aleksandra Steliga ◽  
Monika Waśkow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Neurotransmitter Systems ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Reward System

A growing body of evidence suggests that nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a significant role not only in the physiological processes associated with reward and satisfaction but also in many diseases of the central nervous system. Summary of the current state of knowledge on the morphological and functional basis of such a diverse function of this structure may be a good starting point for further basic and clinical research. The NAc is a part of the brain reward system (BRS) characterized by multilevel organization, extensive connections, and several neurotransmitter systems. The unique role of NAc in the BRS is a result of: (1) hierarchical connections with the other brain areas, (2) a well-developed morphological and functional plasticity regulating short- and long-term synaptic potentiation and signalling pathways, (3) cooperation among several neurotransmitter systems, and (4) a supportive role of neuroglia involved in both physiological and pathological processes. Understanding the complex function of NAc is possible by combining the results of morphological studies with molecular, genetic, and behavioral data. In this review, we present the current views on the NAc function in physiological conditions, emphasizing the role of its connections, neuroplasticity processes, and neurotransmitter systems.

Importance of Brain Reward System in Neuromarketing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Tayfun Uzbay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Limbic Structures ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shopping Addiction ◽  
Brain Reward System

Neuromarketing is a relatively new concept. It is simply focused on the relationship between consumer behavior and the brain. For this purpose, it analyzes various customer behaviors towards the product and purchase by using various brain imaging techniques and behavioral methodology. Some limbic structures of brain such as ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus acumbens (NAc), and amygdala have a link to prefrontal cortex (PFC) by dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic pathway. This functional link is called brain reward system (BRS). BRS has a crucial role in the decision-making process of humans during shopping as well as addiction processes of brain. Studies investigating BRS in neuromarketing are very limited. In the chapter, working principles of BRS in neuromarketing and association with human shopping behaviors and shopping addiction/dependence has been investigated and discussed.

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