Cystic Adventitial Disease of the Popliteal Artery: Elongation into the Media of the Popliteal Artery and Communication with the Knee Joint Capsule: Report of a Case

Surgery Today ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Unno ◽  
Hiroshi Kaneko ◽  
Takashi Uchiyama ◽  
Naoto Yamamoto ◽  
Satoshi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
The Media

Ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings in monkey (Macaca fascicularis) knee joint capsule

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenek Halata ◽  
Marie A. Badalamente ◽  
Roger Dee ◽  
Michael Propper
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
Sensory Nerve Endings

Meniscus and Synovial Membrane: An Electronmicroscopic Study on Rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Hu ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
R.T. Zuo ◽  
K.L. Wang ◽  
L. Qin
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Articular Cartilage Surface ◽  
Scanning Electronmicroscopy ◽  
Transmission Electronmicroscopy

Seven healthy mature rabbits were used to study both the surface morphology of the meniscus using both transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and articular cartilage of the femoral condyle using SEM. Results showed that the membrane covering the meniscus was structurally the extension of synovial membrane of the knee joint capsule. Additionally, the presence of canal-like openings over the membranous surface to the meniscus was noted, which were absent over the articular cartilage surface. Key words: transmission and scanning electronmicroscopy, meniscus, articular cartilage, rabbits

scholarly journals Rabbit Model of Extending Knee Joint Contracture: Progression of Joint Motion Restriction and Subsequent Joint Capsule Changes after Immobilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 015-021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Quan Bing Zhang ◽  
Hua Zhang Zhong ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Joint Contracture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Tgf Β1

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a rabbit model of knee contracture in extension and investigate the natural history of motion loss and time-dependent changes in the joint capsule after immobilization. We immobilized the unilateral knee joints of 32 rabbits by maintaining the knee joint in a plaster cast at full extension. Eight rabbits were euthanized at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after casting, respectively, and the lower extremities were disarticulated at the hip joint. Eight control group rabbits that did not undergo immobilization were also examined. We assessed the progression of joint contracture by measuring the joint range of motion, evaluating the histologic alteration of the capsule, and assessing the mRNA levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the anterior and posterior joint capsules. After 2 weeks of joint immobilization, the knee joint range of motion was limited, the synovial membrane of the suprapatellar and posterior joint capsules was thickened, the collagen deposition was increased, and the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 were elevated in the anterior and posterior joint capsules. These changes progressed rapidly until 6 weeks of immobilization and may advance slowly after 6 weeks. Joint contracture developed at the early stage of immobilization and progressed over time. The changes in the anterior and posterior joint capsules after joint immobilization may contribute to the limitation in flexion. The elevated mRNA expression of TGF-β1 may be related to joint capsule fibrosis and may be one of the causes of joint contracture.

scholarly journals Popliteal Artery Injuries with Knee Joint Fracture. Two case Reports.

1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1225-1227
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Arima ◽  
Akihiko Sonoda ◽  
Hirohumi Ohsako ◽  
Koji Yonemori ◽  
Takashi Sakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Joint Fracture

The effects of heat, icing, and stretching on knee joint capsule in rat contracture model of spinal cord injury

Physiotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. e663
Author(s):  
H. Iwasawa ◽  
N. Sakitani ◽  
M. Nomura ◽  
D. Watanabe ◽  
K. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Cord Injury

The structure of sensory nerve endings in the knee joint capsule of the dog

1996 ◽  
Vol 178 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Schenk ◽  
Andreas Spaethe ◽  
Zdenek Halata
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
Sensory Nerve Endings

scholarly journals Range of Motion Exercise Suppresses Myofibroblast Proliferation in the Joint Capsule in a Rat Joint Contracture Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Matsuzaki ◽  
Shinya Yoshida ◽  
Masahiro Hoso
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Joint Contracture ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract This study aimed to perform range of motion exercises on a rat knee joint contracture model and clarify changes in the joint range of motion and number of myofibroblasts in the joint capsule. Eighteen male Wistar rats were used and randomly divided into the following three groups: control, immobilized, and exercise. The right hindlimb knee joints of rats in the immobilized and exercise groups were immobilized, and the animals in the exercise group started the range of motion exercises the day after the joint immobilization. After the two weeks experimental period, the range of knee joint extension angle was measured, and the knee joint was collected. To observe the posterior joint capsule of the rat knee joint, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining were performed. Differences in knee extension restriction angles were significant between all groups, and differences in the number of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells were significant between the control and immobilization groups. These results indicate that joint immobilization leads to myofibroblast proliferation, whereas gentle exercise that does not maintain sufficient range of motion in the joint may inhibit myofibroblast proliferation.

Role of sympathetic postganglionic neurons in synovial plasma extravasation induced by bradykinin

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 715-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Miao ◽  
W. Janig ◽  
J. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Sympathetic Chain ◽  
Plasma Extravasation ◽  
Facilitative Effect ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Plasma extravasation through the endothelium of blood vessels is an integral component of the inflammatory response and is dependent to a large extent on the inflammatory mediator bradykinin (BK). We studied plasma extravasation induced by BK perfusion (BK-induced PE) of the rat knee joint before and after various interventions that affect the sympathetic supply to the knee joint. We tested the hypothesis that plasma extravasation is dependent on the local sympathetic terminal supply to the synovia but not directly dependent on more proximal activity in the sympathetic neurons. As a control we used plasma extravasation induced by platelet activating factor (PAF), which acts directly on the endothelium of the blood vessels, that is, its action is independent of any innervation. Plasma extravasation into the knee joint cavity was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring, over time, the concentration of Evans blue dye extravasation into the joint perfusate following intravenous injection of the dye. 2. Surgical sympathectomy at the lumbar level (L2-L4), performed 4 and 14 days previously, reduced BK-induced PE by approximately 55-70%. 3. Decentralization of the lumbar sympathetic chain (cutting the preganglionic axons that innervate the postganglionic neurons to the hindlimb), interruption of the lumbar sympathetic chain during infusion of BK, or coperfusion of tetrodotoxin into the knee joint cavity did not reduce BK-induced PE. All three interventions abolish the activity in the sympathetic neurons but leave the peripheral postganglionic terminals in the joint capsule intact. 4. Surgical sympathectomy and decentralization did not affect plasma extravasation induced by the intra-articular perfusion with PAF. 5. Electrical stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain at frequencies of 0.25-5 Hz, which probably also significantly decreases blood flow through the joint capsule, reduced basal plasma extravasation, BK-induced PE and PAF-induced PE. This reduction was frequency dependent and was almost maximal at a stimulation frequency of 1 Hz. 6. In conclusion, BK-induced PE into the rat knee joint is dependent on the presence of intact sympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals innervating the joint capsule and not directly dependent on excitation of these neurons. However, electrical stimulation of the sympathetic neurons reduces the level of plasma extravasation, presumably because of vasoconstriction and decrease of blood flow through the joint capsule. These results indicate that peripheral action of inflammatory mediators on terminals of sympathetic neurons produces a facilitative effect on vascular permeability, whereas centrally generated excitation of these neurons, which depresses blood flow (vasoconstrictor function), decreases plasma extravasation. The effect on blood flow is presumed to occur at the precapillary resistance vessels by vesicular release of transmitter(s). The facilitative effect on permeability occurs at the venules and includes inflammatory-mediator-stimulated, non-vesicular-dependent production and release of a chemical substance (probably prostaglandin E2). Whether both functions are represented in the same class of sympathetic postganglionic neuron or in distinct ones remains to be elucidated.

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