Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal spore populations in sugar maple (Acer saccharum marsh. L.) forests

Mycorrhiza ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Moutoglis ◽  
P. Widden
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Development of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and effects of base-cation ammendment on vesicle and arbuscule formation

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1421-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Cooke ◽  
Paul Widden ◽  
Ivan O'Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Hyphal Coils

The development, condition, and incidence of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae of Acer saccharum (sugar maple) seedlings grown in the greenhouse in natural sugar maple forest soil substrate were examined. The effects of the addition of a cation mixture containing calcium, magnesium, and potassium were also studied. The mycorrhizal structures observed were similar to those found in natural field conditions. Mycorrhizae developed intracellularly via hyphal coils, and arbuscules usually developed from these coils, forming arbusculate coils. This development is different from that observed in most annual crop plants. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal structures appeared within 30 days. The rate of mycorrhizal infection decreased, along with plant health, as the quantity of the added cations was increased, but the amendment did not affect the morphology of the infection. More vesicles were observed in the lowest level of application than in controls, suggesting a stress response and possible relationship between plant health and condition of the mycorrhizal association. Key words: Acer saccharum, development, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae.

Soil pH-induced changes in root colonization, diversity, and reproduction of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from healthy and declining maple forests

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1543-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P Coughlan ◽  
Yolande Dalpé ◽  
Line Lapointe ◽  
Yves Piché
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Spore Population

Acer saccharum Marsh. (sugar maple) is one of only few arbuscular mycorrhizal trees to form extensive stands in northern temperate biomes. Recent maple decline could result from altered intensity and quality of root colonization by associated mycobionts or possible shifts in symbiotic fungal community composition following environmental stresses. In this study the effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of soil acidification, one of several proposed causal stresses underlying forest decline, and remedial liming were investigated under glasshouse conditions. Acer saccharum seedlings were grown in unsterilized, pH altered, forest soils from healthy and declining maple stands. Over a range of treatment pHs normally tolerated by A. saccharum, fungal populations and responses to pH changes differed between the two soils. The declining site with more acidic soil had an initially larger spore population but lower taxonomic diversity than the healthy site. However, liming stimulated sporulation of several taxa initially apparently absent from the declining site spore population. The quantity of colonization generally increased with pH for both sites. Five Glomus taxa and Scutellospora calospora (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Sanders are added to the list of fungi known to form arbuscular mycorrhizas with A. saccharum, and the known range of Acaulospora cavernata Blaszkowski is extended from Poland to eastern North America.

A comparison of spatial heterogeneity of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in two maple-forest soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1472-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Klironomos ◽  
Peter Moutoglis ◽  
Bryce Kendrick ◽  
Paul Widden
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Total Length ◽  
External Hyphae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Densities

The variations in the numbers of propagules and in the colonization rates of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils of two sugar maple forests, one near Waterloo in southern Ontario, the other near Lacolle in southern Quebec, were investigated. Both forests comprised similar plant communities, and in each case the most numerous mycorrhizal spores were identified as those of Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus geosporum, and Acaulospora foveata. In both forests, root colonization and length of hyphae in soil peaked in spring and again in autumn, and spore densities were highest in autumn and gradually decreased during the rest of the year. Mean percent root colonization at Lacolle was twice as high as at Waterloo, and mean spore densities were almost 10 times higher. In contrast, average total length of hyphae in the soil was approximately 10 times higher at Waterloo than at Lacolle. Sporulation by G. macrocarpum was positively correlated with soil organic matter content, and sporulation by A. foveata was negatively correlated with increasing pH. Root colonization was not correlated with spore densities but was positively correlated with the total length of hyphae in the soil. Relationships among root colonization, production of external hyphae, and spore abundance in natural ecosystems are discussed. Key words: vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, Acer saccharum, environmental influences.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MYCORRHIZAE OF SUGAR MAPLE (ACER SACCHARUM MARSH.)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1413-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Extramatrical Mycelium ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Beaded rootlet growth in Acer saccharum is thought to be caused by intermittent growth due to alternately favorable and unfavorable moisture conditions during the season rather than by mycorrhizal infection. Both beaded and nonbeaded rootlets are mycorrhizal-infected, and rootlets growing in the deeper soil levels where moisture conditions do not fluctuate rapidly are nonbeaded. Differences found in the activity of rootlets growing in hummocks and depressions appeared to be related to soil moisture conditions found there. This paper describes (a) the anatomy of metacutinized root tips during dry soil conditions, and the relationship of this condition to the development of constrictions between beads; (b) the extrastelar anatomical characteristics of beaded and nonbeaded rootlets; (c) the morphology of the mycorrhizal fungus in its relationship to rootlet anatomy; (d) the extramatrical mycelium of the mycorrhizal fungus found in the soil of the rooting zone (the extramatrical mycelium is thought to arise from fungal hyphae and vesicles produced in live rootlets which are released to the soil from disintegrating rootlet cortical tissue); and (e) an hypothesis regarding the life history of this type of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.

Decay of birdseye sugar maple (Acer Saccharum) and curly red maple (Acer Rubrum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Tara Lee Bal ◽  
Katherine Elizabeth Schneider ◽  
Dana L. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple
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