First line of defense: the role of the intestinal epithelium as an active component of the mucosal immune system

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 805-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Pitman ◽  
Richard S. Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
First Line

Translocation of nanoparticles and Mycobacterium marinum across the intestinal epithelium in zebrafish and the role of the mucosal immune system

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 508-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Dille Løvmo ◽  
Martin Tobias Speth ◽  
Urska Repnik ◽  
Erling Olaf Koppang ◽  
Gareth Wyn Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Mycobacterium Marinum ◽  
Mucosal Immune System

scholarly journals Neutrophils—From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Felix Kraus ◽  
Michael Andreas Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
First Line

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.

Role of SIRT1 in Neuropathic Pain from the Viewpoint of Neuroimmunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjia Fan ◽  
Rong Dong ◽  
Honghai Zhang ◽  
Buwei Yu ◽  
Han Lu
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
First Line ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Sensory Nervous System ◽  
First Line Treatment

: The current clinical first-line treatment of neuropathic pain still considers only the nervous system as the target, and its therapeutic effect is limited. An increasing number of studies support the opinion that neuropathic pain is a result of the combined action of the sensory nervous system and the related immune system. Under physiological conditions, both the nervous system and the immune system can maintain homeostasis by adjusting the mitochondrial function when sensing noxious stimulation. However, in the case of neuropathic pain, mitochondrial regulatory dysfunction occurs, which may result from the decreased expression of SIRT1. In this study, we review the role of SIRT1 in neuropathic pain from the viewpoint of neuroimmunity.

Gut ecosystem: how microbes help us

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Martín ◽  
S. Miquel ◽  
J. Ulmer ◽  
P. Langella ◽  
L.G. Bermúdez-Humarán
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Human Gut

The human gut houses one of the most complex and abundant ecosystems composed of up to 1013-1014 microorganisms. Although the anthropocentric concept of life has concealed the function of microorganisms inside us, the important role of gut bacterial community in human health is well recognised today. Moreover, different microorganims, which are commonly present in a large diversity of food products, transit through our gut every day adding in some cases a beneficial effect to our health (probiotics). This crosstalk is concentrated mainly in the intestinal epithelium, where microbes provide the host with essential nutrients and modulation of the immune system. Furthermore, microorganisms also display antimicrobial activities maintaining a gut ecosystem stable. This review summarises some of the recent findings on the interaction of both commensal and probiotic bacteria with each other and with the host. The aim is to highlight the cooperative status found in healthy individuals as well as the importance of this crosstalk in the maintenance of human homeostasis.

THE ROLE OF MORPHINE IN THE LOCAL MUCOSAL IMMUNE SYSTEM OF THE GUT.

Shock ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Yael Harari ◽  
Frank Moody
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mucosal Immune System

Ayurveda and Vyadhikshamatwa (Immunity) During Covid 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1351-1355
Author(s):  
Jagruti N Chaple
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
First Line ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Natural Way

COVID-19 which has been declared as pandemic by WHO has harsh impact globally. No treatment protocol has been mentioned yet; main public advice mainly focuses on frequently hand hygiene and social distancing. This concept is mentioned by Acharya Charaka in Janapadodhwansa. Of Rasayana is based upon the immunomodulation. It boosts up the immunity and help to keep the body and mind in the best of its health. Rasayandravya has been first line of defence for Janapadodhwansa (Epidemic Condition). Dhatusarata, balanced state of dosha, health of srotas and agni must be maintained with proper diet and regimen to maintain immunity. This article aims to provide information about the role of Rasayanadravyas (Gudhuchi, Amalaki and Haridra) which can be in cooperated in day to day life and act as immune modulators. Bala is leading factor of all dhatus and its capacity to perform physical work. Physical strength depends on kaphadosha and high-quality dhatus. As ojas is essence of all dhatus, bala ultimately depends on ojas. Modern immunity matches with AyurvedicVyadhiksamata. Capacity to prevents the spread of diseases in the body and capacity of body of blocking the diseases in its primary stage is called as immunity. Ayurveda are significantly helpful in strengthening the immune system and thereby offers a natural way for the prevention of pandemic diseases.

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