Structured audio and effects processing in the MPEG-4 multimedia standard

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Scheirer
Keyword(s):  
Structured Audio

scholarly journals SAOL: The MPEG-4 Structured Audio Orchestra Language

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Scheirer ◽  
Barry L. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Structured Audio

scholarly journals Women’s experiences of consenting to episiotomy: a qualitative interview study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Djanogly ◽  
Jacqueline Nicholls ◽  
Melissa Whitten ◽  
Anne Lanceley
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Interview Study ◽  
Consent Process ◽  
Higher Education Funding ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Structured Audio

Objective To explore how women undergoing episiotomy experience and perceive the consent process. Design Qualitative interview study. Setting A postnatal ward in a London teaching hospital. Sample 15 women who had recently undergone episiotomy. Methods Semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Main outcome measures Themes derived from analysis of interview transcripts. Results Three themes emerged in relation to women’s experiences of the episiotomy consent process: 1) realities of episiotomy practice, 2) information provision and 3) voluntariness of consent. Practical realities such as time pressure, concern for the baby’s health and women’s state of exhaustion, constrained consent discussions. Minimal information on episiotomy was shared with participants, particularly concerning risks and alternatives. Participants consequently inferred that there was no other choice to episiotomy. Whilst some women were still happy to agree, others perceived the consent process to be illusory and disempowering, and subsequently experienced episiotomy as a distressing event. Conclusions Consent to episiotomy is not consistently informed and voluntary and more often takes the form of compliance. Information must be provided to women in a timelier fashion in order to fulfil legal requirements, and to facilitate a sense of genuine choice. Funding The study has not received grant funding. The research team are funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE). Keywords Episiotomy, consent, women’s experiences, qualitative

scholarly journals Exploring two distinct gentamicin prescribing protocols in UK hospitals: a mixed-methods realist evaluation

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e052697
Author(s):  
Nadine Dyar ◽  
Karen Mattick ◽  
Rob Bethune
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotic ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Programme Theory ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Structured Audio ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesGentamicin is the aminoglycoside antibiotic of choice in the UK. It has a narrow therapeutic index: underdosing results in inefficacy while overdosing is characterised by nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. To improve patient safety, hospitals have protocols for the prescription of gentamicin, which vary in complexity and approach. This study aimed to explore two distinct protocols for prescribing gentamicin in hospital settings, in order to understand the mechanisms they trigger and the outcomes they achieve.SettingA mixed-methods realist evaluation explored gentamicin prescribing protocols in two hospital surgical admissions units in South West England between January and August 2018. Site 1 had a traditional, complex protocol, while site 2 took a simplified protocol.ParticipantsTesting the initial programme theory (IPT) involved semi-structured audio-recorded interviews of a volunteer sample of healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in the prescribing and administering process, alongside a clinical audit reviewing accuracy of gentamicin prescribing.Outcome measuresThree sequential phases were used to identify factors in a successful protocol: IPT generation; testing; refinement of the IPT. The IPT was generated by literature search and analysis of existing protocols of sites 1 and 2. Refinement of the IPT synthesised the results of the quantitative and qualitative research to identify the key characteristics of a successful protocol.ResultsOne hundred gentamicin prescriptions were reviewed, with a mean accuracy of gentamicin prescribing at site 1 of 65.67% and at site 2 of 78.79% (p<0.01). Thirty HCPs were interviewed. Key contexts were identified including prescriptiveness, experience and availability of patient information. These triggered hidden mechanisms including uncertainty, fear, confidence and frustration leading to both intended outcomes but also unintended outcomes such as deviation from protocol and unnecessary gentamicin levels.ConclusionsA simplified prescribing protocol for gentamicin is better accepted by prescribers, leading to better adherence to protocol and more accurate prescribing.

scholarly journals The impact of lower limb amputation on community reintegration of a population in Johannesburg: A Qualitative perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Godlwana ◽  
A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Structured Audio ◽  
Psychosocial Challenges ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Aim: To explore the experiences and perceptions of people with lower limb amputations from the Johannesburg metropolitan area on the impact that their amputations had on their lives and their return to their communities. Methods: Semi-structured audio-taped in-depth interviews were used to collect data on 12 purposively selected participants. Ethical clearance was obtained. A General Inductive Approach was used to generate or discover themes within the data using a process of systematic coding. Results: Emerging from the qualitative data were psychological, social and religious themes. Suicidal thoughts, dependence, poor acceptance, public perception about body image, phantom limb related falls and hopes of obtaining prostheses were reported. Some reported poor social involvement due to mobility problems and employment concerns, while families and friends were found to be supportive. Participants had faith in God. Conclusion: Generally, most participants had come to terms with the amputation and were managing well while some expressed that they were struggling with reintegration to their communities of origin three months postoperatively with both functional and psychosocial challenges.

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