Pollen vegetative cell-specific expression of Bra r 1 : useful tool for observation of the vegetative nucleus and identification of transgenic pollen by nuclear-targeted GFP

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Okada ◽  
K. Toriyama
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Cell ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Transgenic Pollen

scholarly journals Persistent directional growth capability in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tubes after nuclear elimination from the apex

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Motomura ◽  
Hidenori Takeuchi ◽  
Michitaka Notaguchi ◽  
Haruna Tsuchi ◽  
Atsushi Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Directional Growth

AbstractDuring the double fertilization process, pollen tubes deliver two sperm cells to an ovule containing the female gametes. In the pollen tube, the vegetative nucleus and sperm cells move together to the apical region where the vegetative nucleus is thought to play a crucial role in controlling the direction and growth of the pollen tube. Here, we report the generation of pollen tubes in Arabidopsis thaliana whose vegetative nucleus and sperm cells are isolated and sealed by callose plugs in the basal region due to apical transport defects induced by mutations in the WPP domain-interacting tail-anchored proteins (WITs) and sperm cell-specific expression of a dominant mutant of the CALLOSE SYNTHASE 3 protein. Through pollen-tube guidance assays, we show that the physiologically anuclear mutant pollen tubes maintain the ability to grow and enter ovules. Our findings provide insight into the sperm cell delivery mechanism and illustrate the independence of the tip-localized vegetative nucleus from directional growth control of the pollen tube.

Development of sperm cells in barley

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1051-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Cass ◽  
Ilana Karas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Vegetative Cell ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Pollen Wall ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Microspore Stage

Ultrastructural events in barley sperm development were examined from the uninucleate microspore stage to establishment of two mature sperm cells in pollen grains. Microspore mitosis produces a vegetative nucleus and a naked generative cell, both embedded in vegetative cell cytoplasm. The generative cell membrane is enclosed by vegetative cell membrane. The generative cell, at first apparently unattached, becomes attached to the pollen wall and acquires a cell wall by centripetal vesicle accumulation. Wall formation may be complete at the time of generative cell karyokinesis; karyokinesis occurs while the generative cell is attached to the pollen wall. Cytokinesis of the generative cell is delayed. The subsequent stage is a binucleate, attached generative cell with a wall. Generative cell cytokinesis appears to involve formation of a partition between the two sperm nuclei. Eventual complete separation of the sperm cells occurs only after the two-celled derivative of the generative cell detaches from the pollen wall. Final stages in sperm cell separation are considered to result from degradation of the partitioning and surrounding wall, not from furrowing of a naked binucleate generative cell according to previous suggestions. Mature plastids were not observed in the generative cell or the sperms.

scholarly journals Intracellular motility and the evolution of the actin cytoskeleton during development of the male gametophyte of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1364) ◽  
pp. 1985-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Heslop-Harrison ◽  
Y. Heslop-Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Vegetative Cell ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Main Period ◽  
Actin Mrna

The uniaperturate pollen of wheat is dispersed in a partially hydrated condition. Amyloplasts are concentrated in the apertural hemisphere where they surround the two sperms, while vigorously moving polysaccharide–containing wall precursor bodies (P–particles) together with the vegetative nucleus occupy the other. This disposition is the product of a post–meiotic developmental sequence apparently peculiar to the grasses. During vacuolation of the spore after release from the tetrad, the nucleus is displaced to the pole of the cell opposite the site of the germination aperture, already defined in the tetrad. Following pollen mitosis, the vegetative nucleus migrates along the wall of the vegetative cell towards the aperture, leaving the generative cell at the opposite pole isolated by a callose wall. As the vacuole is resorbed, the generative cell rounds up, loses its wall and follows the vegetative nucleus, passing along the wall of the vegetative cell towards the aperture where it eventually divides to produce the two sperms. Throughout this period of nucleus and cell manoeuvrings, minor inclusions of the vegetative cell cytoplasm, including mitochondria, lipid globuli and developing amyloplasts, move randomly. Coordinated vectorial movement begins after the main period of starch accumulation, when the amyloplasts migrate individually into the apertural hemisphere of the grain, a final redistribution betokening the attainment of germinability. In the present paper we correlate aspects of the evolution of the actin cytoskeleton with these events in the developing grain, and relate the observations to published evidence from another monocotyledonous species concerning the timing of the expression of actin genes during male gametophyte development, as revealed in the synthesis of actin mRNA.

Conformation and movement of the vegetative nucleus of the angiosperm pollen tube: association with the actin cytoskeleton

1989 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-308
Author(s):  
J. HESLOP-HARRISON ◽  
Y. HESLOP-HARRISON
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Vegetative Cell ◽  
Cytochalasin D ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Cytoplasmic Bodies ◽  
Angiosperm Pollen ◽  
Rapid Contraction

Actin is present in the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell of angiosperm pollens in numerous fusiform, spiculate or toroidal bodies, and also as a sheath enveloping the vegetative nucleus. During activation following hydration, the compact cytoplasmic bodies are translated into skeins of extended fibrils, and circulatory movements begin in the cytoplasm. Throughout this period the vegetative nucleus, with fibrillar actin now associated with the surface, undergoes a continuous change of shape. In the extending tube following germination the actin cytoskeleton consists of numerous mainly longitudinally oriented fibrils. After entry into the tube the vegetative nucleus remains associated with the fibrils, usually extending greatly in length and developing attenuated, often pointed extensions. The observed conformations, which change continuously, suggest that varying local tensions are applied to the vegetative nucleus during passage through the tube. Cytochalasin D breaks up the actin fibril system and brings about a rapid contraction of the nucleus, at the same time eliminating the elastic extensions of the nuclear envelope. Nuclei isolated physically from unfixed tubes also contract in length as the fibrillar components of the cytoskeleton are detached. These findings indicate that the movement of the vegetative nucleus depends on local associations of the nuclear envelope with the actin cytoskeleton of the vegetative cell.

Tissue-specific expression patterns of nuclear receptors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Bookout ◽  
Y Jeong ◽  
M Downes ◽  
RT Yu ◽  
RM Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression

Probing the 14-3-3 Isoform-Specificity Profile of Interactions Stabilized by Fusicoccin A

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Frederich ◽  
Ananya Sengupta ◽  
Josue Liriano ◽  
Ewa A. Bienkiewicz ◽  
Brian G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Adapter Proteins ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Individual Client ◽  
Isoform Specificity ◽  
Fusicoccin A

Fusicoccin A (FC) is a fungal phytotoxin that stabilizes protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between 14-3-3 adapter proteins and their phosphoprotein interaction partners. In recent years, FC has emerged as an important chemical probe of human 14-3-3 PPIs implicated in cancer and neurological diseases. These previous studies have established the structural requirements for FC-induced stabilization of 14-3-3·client phosphoprotein complexes; however, the effect of different 14-3-3 isoforms on FC activity has not been systematically explored. This is a relevant question for the continued development of FC variants because there are seven distinct isoforms of 14-3-3 in humans. Despite their remarkable sequence and structural similarities, a growing body of experimental evidence supports both tissue-specific expression of 14-3-3 isoforms and isoform-specific functions <i>in vivo</i>. Herein, we report the isoform-specificity profile of FC <i>in vitro</i>using recombinant human 14-3-3 isoforms and a focused library of fluorescein-labeled hexaphosphopeptides mimicking the C-terminal 14-3-3 recognition domains of client phosphoproteins targeted by FC in cell culture. Our results reveal modest isoform preferences for individual client phospholigands and demonstrate that FC differentially stabilizes PPIs involving 14-3-3s. Together, these data provide strong motivation for the development of non-natural FC variants with enhanced selectivity for individual 14-3-3 isoforms.

Gender-Specific Expression of Arginine-Vasotocin in the Chicken Brain

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grossmann ◽  
A. Jurkevich ◽  
S. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Chicken Brain ◽  
Gender Specific
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