Soluble carbohydrates, radial growth and vigour of fertilized Norway spruce after inoculation with blue-stain fungus, Ceratocystis polonica

Trees ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Viiri ◽  
Pekka Niemelä ◽  
Veikko Kitunen ◽  
Erkki Annila
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

Growth of four bark-beetle-associated blue-stain fungi in relation to the induced wound response in Norway spruce

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paal Krokene ◽  
Halvor Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Phloem Necrosis ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

Twenty-five-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) were inoculated with four blue-stain fungi. Each tree was inoculated three times with each fungus and three times with sterile agar as a control, giving a total of 15 inoculations per tree. There was little variation in the extent of phloem necrosis produced in response to the different fungi, but 5 weeks after inoculation necroses induced by Ceratocystis polonica and Ambrosiella sp. were significantly longer than those for the other fungi. At the same time, C. polonica had induced sapwood desiccation twice as deeply into the wood as any other fungus. Hyphal growth of the fungi into phloem and sapwood followed the same pattern as necrosis length and desiccation depth. Five weeks after inoculation, C. polonica had penetrated phloem and sapwood farther than any other fungus. It grew more slowly than the other fungi in both tissues the first week after inoculation, but the four following weeks it grew more quickly than all other fungi. Key words: Ambrosiella, blue-stain fungi, Ceratocystis polonica, low-density inoculation, Ophiostoma piceae, Scolytidae.

Induced responses in stilbenes and terpenes in fertilized Norway spruce after inoculation with blue-stain fungus, Ceratocystis polonica

Trees ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Viiri ◽  
Erkki Annila ◽  
Veikko Kitunen ◽  
Pekka Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

scholarly journals Antioxidant defences of Norway spruce bark against bark beetles and its associated blue-stain fungus

Agricultura ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Mateja Felicijan ◽  
Metka Novak ◽  
Nada Kraševec ◽  
Andreja Urbanek Krajnc
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Inducible Defences ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

Abstract Bark beetles and their fungal associates are integral parts of forest ecosystems, the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus Linnaeus, 1758) and the associated pathogenic blue stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica (SIEM.) C. MOREAU, are the most devastating pests regarding Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. KARST.]. Bark beetles commonly inhabit weakened and felled trees as well as vital trees. They cause physiological disorders in trees by destroying a phloem and cambium or interrupt the transpiration -ow in the xylem. Conifers have a wide range of effective defence mechanisms that are based on the inner bark anatomy and physiological state of the tree. The basic function of bark defences is to protect the nutrient-and energy-rich phloem, the vital meristematic region of the vascular cambium, and the transpiration -ow in the sapwood. The main area of defence mechanisms is secondary phloem, which is physically and chemically protected by polyphenolic parenchyma (PP) cells, sclerenchyma, calcium oxalate crystals and resin ducts. Conifer trunk pest resistance includes constitutive, inducible defences and acquired resistance. Both constitutive and inducible defences may deter beetle invasion, impede fungal growth and close entrance wounds. During a successful attack, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) becomes effective and represents a third defence strategy. It gradually develops throughout the plant and provides a systemic change within the whole tree’s metabolism, which is maintained over a longer period of time. The broad range of defence mechanisms that contribute to the activation and utilisation of SAR, includes antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, which are generally linked to the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The presented review discusses the current knowledge on the antioxidant defence strategies of spruce inner bark against the bark beetle (Ips typographus) and associated blue stain fungus (Ceratocystis polonica).

Antioxidative response patterns of Norway spruce bark to low-density Ceratocystis polonica inoculation

Trees ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1145-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Urbanek Krajnc ◽  
Metka Novak ◽  
Mateja Felicijan ◽  
Nada Kraševec ◽  
Mario Lešnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Antioxidative Response ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

scholarly journals Indication of environmental changes in mountain catchments by dendroclimatology

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrtiška Jiří ◽  
Křeček Josef ◽  
Tognetti Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
Acid Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Tree Radial Growth ◽  
Number Of Cells

In the Czech Republic, mountain watersheds are mostly forested with dominant Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantations. The aim of this paper is to analyse changes in radial growth and xylem anatomy of Norway spruce trees in the upper plain of the Jizera Mountains, related to changes in climate (air temperature, precipitation), air pollution and acid atmospheric deposition. Data of two neighbouring climate stations were used to detect trends in air temperatures and precipitation. At elevations of 745–1060 m a.s.l., the ring-width growth was significantly affected by mean annual temperature, while impacts of elevation and precipitation were not significant. In the period 1975–1995, the detected drop in tree radial growth (ca 60% of the normal period, prior to the peak of acid atmospheric deposition) corresponded to the increase in atmospheric SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and acid atmospheric deposition. The number of cells in tree rings decreased by ca 30–40% in comparison with the normal period, but the mean size of cells did not change significantly. In the last 20 years, increasing radial growth has been detected simultaneously with rising air temperature, and density of cells decreased by 30% in early wood, and by 10% in late wood, increasing the total number of cells in tree rings by ca 10% in comparison with the normal period. Integrated effects of climate and non-climate variables on the variation of tree radial growth in the Jizera Mountains reflected the legacy of acid atmospheric deposition in the forest ecosystem.

scholarly journals Flavan-3-ols in Norway Spruce: Biosynthesis, Accumulation, and Function in Response to Attack by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Ceratocystis polonica

2014 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 2107-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almuth Hammerbacher ◽  
Christian Paetz ◽  
Louwrance P. Wright ◽  
Thilo C. Fischer ◽  
Joerg Bohlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica
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