Scots pine needle injuries at subarctic industrial sites

Trees ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kukkola ◽  
Satu Huttunen ◽  
Jaana Bäck ◽  
Pasi Rautio
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Industrial Sites

Nitrogen Level and Decomposition in Scots Pine Needle Litter

Oikos ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Berg ◽  
Bengt Wessén ◽  
Gunnar Ekbohm ◽  
Bjorn Berg ◽  
Bengt Wessen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Needle Litter

scholarly journals Environmental quality assessment of the drainage basin of Lake Engure using Scots pine as a bioindicator

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Ināra Melece ◽  
Aina Karpa ◽  
Māris Laiviņš ◽  
Viesturs Melecis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Environmental Quality Assessment ◽  
Gravel Roads ◽  
Bark Chemistry

Environmental quality assessment of the drainage basin of Lake Engure using Scots pine as a bioindicator Environmental quality assessment of the Lake Engure drainage area, which is the LT(S)ER region of the Latvian National Long-term Ecological Research network (Latvia LTER), was conducted using three bioindication methods based on Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L.: unspecific bioindication by pine needle tip necrosis, ground level ozone assessment by pine needle chlorotic mottling, and chemical analysis of pine bark. Samples were collected from 40 sites of the region in November 2010. Extent of needle tip necroses did not exceed class 4 (maximum possible value 6). The highest value of index of needle damage by ozone was Idam = 1.62 (maximum possible value 6). Multiple regression analysis of variables describing bark chemistry and needle damage in relation to distance from the sea, nearest roads and villages was performed. Pine bark acidity pH(KCl) and concentration of Mg and Fe decreased significantly (βpH(KCl) = -0.672, P < 0.001; βMg = -0.676, P < 0.001; βFe = -0.514, P < 0.001) with distance of sample site from gravel roads. Electric conductivity (EC) of pine bark and the extent of ozone damage of the first year needles Idam significantly decreased with distance from the sea (βozone = -0.507, P < 0.01; βEC = -0.453, P < 0.01). PCA of the pine bark chemistry data showed dust pollution from gravel roads to be the main factor responsible for the 33% variation of data. No statistically significant correlations were found between different bioindicator characteristics, except between first and second year ozone damage (ρ = 0.589, P = 0.01).

scholarly journals Phytopathogenic micromycetes of Scots pine (Рinus sylvestris L.) in the territory of the Lower Priangarye

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.А. Сенашова ◽  
И.Е. Сафронова ◽  
Т.Л. Вилкова
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Natural Forest Regeneration

Естественная регенерация лесов играет важную роль в укреплении экологической целостности региона и является ключом к устойчивому лесному хозяйству. Создание новых лесных насаждений требует знания фитосанитарной ситуации. Цель данного исследования изучение видового разнообразия фитопатогенных микромицетов, вызывающих заболевания у сеянцев и подроста сосны обыкновенной на территории Нижнего Приангарья. Исследование фитопатогенных микромицетов сосны обыкновенной проводилось в 1996 2016 гг. на территории лесного питомника (Енисейское лесничество Маклаковский питомник) и в естественных лесах (Гремучинское, Манзенское и Мотыгинское лесничества). При диагностике заболеваний использовались макроскопический, микроскопический и микологический методы. Учитывался тип спороношения микромицетов, строение плодовых тел, размер спор и характер их расположения. В результате проведенного исследования на территории лесничеств Нижнего Приангарья идентифицированы следующие аскомицеты, вызывающие преждевременное отмирание хвои сосны обыкновенной как у сеянцев, так и у молодых сосен: Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley AND Millar, Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chevall., Gremmenia infestans (P. Karst.) Crous (Phacidium infestans P. Karst.), Cyclaneusma minus (Butin) DiCosmo, Peredo AND Minter. В условиях лесного питомника диагностировались сосудистые поражения сеянцев, обусловленные деятельностью грибов Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Verticillium sp. Наиболее часто встречающейся болезнью сосны обыкновенной в ювенильной стадии среди искусственных и естественных насаждений является шютте, вызванное L. seditiosum. В условиях естественного возобновления содоминирующим заболеванием оказался язвенный (биаторелловый рак), вызываемый Sarea difformis. При этом наибольшая распространенность соснового подроста, инфицированного данным патогенном, зарегистрирована в лишайниковой группе типов леса, а наименьшая в осочковоразнотравной. Natural forest regeneration plays an important role in the enhancement of ecological integrity of the region and is a key to a sustainable forestry. To establish new forest plantations, extensive knowledge of phytosanitary situation is required. The goal of our research was to study phytopathogenic micromycetes that cause the decline in Scots pine seedlings in the Lower Priangarye. The study was carried out during the period from 1996 to 2016 at a forest nursery (Yenisei forestry Maklakovsky nursery) and natural forests (Gremuchinskoe, Manzenskoe, and Motyginskoe forestries). Macroscopic, microscopic, and mycological methods were used. The type of sporulation of micromycetes, the structure of fruit bodies, the size of spores and their locations were used for the analysis. We identified the following ascomycetes that cause the pine needle diseases, both in the seedlings and young pines: Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley AND Millar, Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chevall., Gremmenia infestans (P. Karst.) Crous (Phacidium infestans P. Karst.), Cyclaneusma minus (Butin) DiCosmo, Peredo AND Minter. In a forest nursery conditions, vascular damage of seedlings due to the activity of the fungi Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Verticillium sp. were diagnosed. The most common disease of Scots pine in the juvenile stage among all seedlings of artificial and natural plantations was Lophodermium needle cast. In the natural regeneration conditions, the damage caused by Sarea difformis was a codominant disease. At the same time, the greatest prevalence of pine undergrowth infected with this pathogen was registered in the lichen pine forest, while the lowest was in the sedgeforb forest.

Accumulation and release of plant nutrients in decomposing Scots pine needle litter. Long-term decomposition in a Scots pine forest II

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1561-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Staaf ◽  
Björn Berg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Needle Litter ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Net Release

Plant nutrient dynamics in decomposing needle litter were measured during a 5-year period in a Scots pine forest in central Sweden. As seen over the whole 5-year period, the nutrients were retained (to a litter weight loss of about 75%) in the order Mn < Ca < K < Mg < S < N < P. During the first 1.5 years there was a net increase of N and P whereafter a net release took place. A similar but less pronounced development could be seen for S, whereas Ca, K, Mn, and Mg were released from the start of the incubation. It is suggested that P was the most limiting element for microbial activity during this first phase. There appeared to be only little initial leaching from the litter and the different behaviours of the elements could largely be explained by their concentration in litter in relation to the needs of microorganisms and to their solubility. K and Mg were the elements that were released at rates most similar to organic matter weight loss.

Reduction of decomposition rates of scots pine needle litter due to heavy-metal pollution

1991 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bj�rn Berg ◽  
Gunnar Ekbohm ◽  
Bengt S�derstr�m ◽  
H�kan Staaf
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Needle Litter

Scots pine needle longevity and gradation of needle shedding along pollution gradients

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Lamppu ◽  
Satu Huttunen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Pollution Gradient ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Needle Longevity

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needle longevity and gradation of needle shedding (the time span with 90–10% needle survival) in the middle and northern boreal vegetation zones were studied. The duration of the first half of gradual shedding (the time span with 90–50% needle survival) was of special interest, because it represents the number of youngest cohorts that have lost needle biomass. Branches of adult trees along transects with an air pollution gradient were sampled. Mean longevity (the sum of survival proportions) decreased 15–40% as pollution sources were approached. To rank or compare the values of a single needle age parameter, we prefer to use mean longevity. It gives an estimate of the whole needle biomass, and it was the parameter with the least variation. The first half of gradual shedding proved to be a valid indicator of changes in needle age structure. The most marked variation in needle age structure was seen in slightly polluted areas, which continued to pose a risk of acute pollution injuries. This study confirmed the feasibility of the needle age structure of branch samples as an objective and reliable vitality indicator for Scots pine.

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