Effects of increased CO 2 and N on CH 4 efflux from a boreal mire: a growth chamber experiment

Oecologia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saarnio ◽  
J. Silvola
Keyword(s):  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Chamber Experiment

ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE SOIL SULPHUR IN AN 35S GROWTH CHAMBER EXPERIMENT

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. BETTANY ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
E. H. HALSTEAD
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Organic S ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Extractable Soil

Growth chamber and laboratory studies of four selected soils differing in C:N:S ratios and the percentage of total S present as HI-reducible S in the soil organic matter showed that: (1) the yield response of alfalfa to applied S occurred when the 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable soil SO4—S was less than 3.3 μg/g, (2) mineralization of soil organic S was unaffected by the addition of 25 μg S/g to the soils, and (3) the amount of S mineralized was not directly related to the quantity of total S, HI-S or the percentage of total S present as Hi-reducible S. It was noted that the largest amount of S mineralized occurred from the soil with the lowest C:N:S ratios.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY PLACEMENT OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. BULLEN ◽  
R. J. SOPER ◽  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Glycine Max L

Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted on Southern Manitoba soils, low in available soil phosphorus, to investigate the effects of various placement methods and levels of phosphorus fertilizer on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill ’Maple Presto’). It was found that soybean responded well to applied phosphorus on low-P soil in growth chamber studies. In the first growth chamber experiment, P was applied in solution to 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 1% of the total soil volume. Dry matter yields, total phosphorus uptake and utilization of fertilizer P increased at each level of applied P as the size of the phosphated band was decreased. The results were partly attributed to greater chemical availability of P in the smaller zones of P fertilizer reaction. In a second growth chamber experiment, soybeans responded differently to phosphorus banded in six different locations. Placement of the fertilizer 2.5 cm directly below the seed was more effective in increasing dry matter yield, total phosphorus uptake and fertilizer P utilization than placement 2.5 cm and 5 cm away at the same depth or placement 5 cm below the seed, whether the band was directly below, 2.5 cm away or 5 cm away. Soybean yield responses in the field were greatest with P banded 2.5 cm directly below the seed on low-P soils. Placement of P 2.5 cm below the seed resulted in grain yields that were 64% and 50% higher (at the two sites) than those obtained in control plots. Sidebanding P, 2.5 cm below and 2.5 cm away from the seed at the same level of application, improved grain yields of control plots by 40% and 39%. Seed placement and broadcast applications of P were not as effective in increasing grain yields. Broadcasting P in fall or in spring at rates of up to 52.38 kg P/ha did not result in significantly higher grain yields than those obtained in control plots. Placement of P in contact with the seed appeared to reduce seedling emergence, resulting in depressed yields when 52.38 kg P/ha were applied. Key words: Glycine max L. Merrill, ’Maple Presto’

THE EFFECT OF SULPHUR ON MANGANESE AND COPPER NUTRITION OF CANOLA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. KARAMANOS ◽  
N. HODGE ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Cu Nutrition

A growth chamber experiment was conducted to assess the Mn and Cu nutrition of canola (Brassica napus L. 'Westar') and whether S nutrition has an impact on the Mn and Cu nutrition of this crop. Three rates of Mn (0, 25, and 50 mg kg−1), three of Cu (0, 5, and 10 mg kg−1) and three rates of S (10, 20, and 30 mg kg−1) were applied in all combinations to canola grown on an organic soil. High Mn:Cu ratios (> 15) led to Cu deficiency, which, at 10 and 20 mg S kg−1, was alleviated by Cu additions. The Mn-induced Cu deficiency was self-corrected at the 30 mg S kg−1 application rate. This was attributed to the alleviation of a Cu × Mo antagonistic effect through addition of S. Key words: Canola, available soil Mn and Cu, Mn × Cu × S interaction, S × Mo interaction, Cu × Mo interaction

Impacts of salinity and simulated herbivory on survival and reproduction of the threatened Gulf of St. Lawrence Aster, Symphyotrichum laurentianum

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Ancheta ◽  
Stephen B. Heard ◽  
Jeremy W. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Simulated Herbivory ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Halophytic Plants ◽  
Solidago Sempervirens

Halophytic plants may experience joint, and potentially interacting, effects of salinity and herbivory on their survival and reproduction. We investigated the impacts of salinity and (simulated) herbivory on fitness in the Gulf of St. Lawrence Aster ( Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Fernald) Nesom; Asteraceae). In natural populations, this species experiences varying soil salinity and spill-over herbivory from insects associated with neighbouring seaside goldenrod ( Solidago sempervirens  L.). We subjected S. laurentianum individuals to three levels of simulated herbivory (0%, 20%, and 40% leaf-area removal) and three levels of salinity (0, 10, and 20 g·L–1) in three runs of a growth-chamber experiment. The effects of salinity and herbivory were always additive. Salinity consistently and strongly reduced survivorship, by as much as 80% at 20 g·L–1 salt, but significantly affected the seed set of survivors in only one run. Herbivory reduced survival significantly in one run (by 42% at 40% leaf-area removal) and reduced seed set of survivors (by 36% at 40% leaf-area removal) in another. While both stresses can have important effects on S. laurentianum fitness, the effects of salinity were more consistently strong than were the effects of herbivory, for both survival and seed set.

THE UPTAKE OF NATIVE AND APPLIED LEAD BY ALFALFA AND BROMEGRASS FROM SOIL

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. KARAMANOS ◽  
J. R. BETTANY ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Lead ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
High Concentrations

The uptake of native and applied fractions of lead (20 and 100 μg Pb/g soil) by alfalfa and bromegrass was studied in a growth chamber experiment using three soils. The applied soil lead treatments did not affect dry matter (DM) yield but the concentration of lead in the plant tops was found to increase twofold when the amount of lead added to soil was increased fivefold (mean values for both crops 3.8 and 8.7 ppm in the 20 and 100 ppm Pb treatments, respectively). Added sulphur gave significant DM yield response in both crops on all soils but did not significantly alter the lead concentration in the aboveground DM. Lowering the temperatures and reducing the photoperiod to simulate autumn conditions resulted in a significant increase of lead concentration in plants grown on the 100 ppm Pb treatment, which was attributed to the corresponding reduction in the DM yields of the plants. High concentrations of lead (mean 132 ppm) were found in the fine roots of both crops in comparison with lead levels in main roots (mean 33 ppm). Lead extracted by various extractants from soil samples at the end of the growth chamber experiment indicated that applied lead was rapidly immobilized with the higher lead concentrations in the soil solution being found in the soil with the lowest organic matter and clay content.

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