Response of the copper butterfly Lycaena tityrus to increased leaf nitrogen in natural food plants: evidence against the nitrogen limitation hypothesis

Oecologia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fischer ◽  
K. Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Lycaena Tityrus

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ONTOGENY AND HABITS OF LYTTA NUTTALLI, L. VIRIDANA, AND L. CYANIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE): THE ADULTS AND EGGS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Church ◽  
G. H. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Food Plants ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Wild Legumes ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Bodies Of Water

AbstractMixed colonies of adults of Lytta nuttalli Say and L. viridana Le Conte, and of L. cyanipennis (Le Conte) and nuttalli, and colonies containing only one of these three species have been seen in various parts of the Canadian prairies, usually in aggregations and most commonly near bodies of water. The flight period of nuttalli extends from early June to early August, of viridana from late May to late June, and of cyanipennis from mid-June to early July. The natural food plants of these three species are a variety of wild legumes, though they prefer certain cultivated legumes when present. Nuttalli and viridana will eat some non-leguminous plants, including species of Iris, Delphinium, and Brassica, and such crops as sugar beets, oats, barley, and wheat. In captivity, males and females of nuttalli and viridana mated more than once and females deposited more than one batch of eggs. Egg batches of nuttalli, viridana, and cyanipennis contained an average of 320, 340, and 390 eggs each, respectively. Cross-mating between nuttalli and viridana and nuttalli–viridana hybrids were observed in the field. Four nuttalli females were seen ovipositing in an area that contained the remains of nesting cells of leafcutter bees (Megachile sp.); these are the first recorded observations of Lytta species ovipositing in the field. The beetles preferred moist, firm soil for oviposition, and the eggs desiccated very quickly when not in contact with moisture. The eggs of these three species developed fairly uniformly at temperatures from 15° to 30 °C, and it appeared to take about 2 to 3 weeks to complete embryological development at temperatures normally encountered during June through August. Relationships among these three species suggested by their behaviour and biology are discussed.

Population-Growth Potential of Epiphyas-Postvittana, the Lightbrown Apple Moth (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in Relation to Diet, Temperature and Climate

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Danthanarayana ◽  
H Gu ◽  
S Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Epiphyas Postvittana ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Life-history parameters and developmental rates of Epiphyas postvittana were determined for four natural food plants and Shorey's diet at each of six temperatures. The rate of development of larvae and the life-history parameters were influenced by both temperature and diet. The highest r(m) value was given by populations feeding on Plantago lanceolata, followed by those on Shorey's diet and Rumex crispus, all at 25 . 2 degrees C, then by Malus pumila at 19 . 9 degrees C and Trifolium repense at 25 . 2 degrees C. Zero population growth occurred at 7 . 1 and 30 . 7 degrees C. A life-table study of five geographical strains of the moth under non-variable conditions (constant temperature and artificial diet) showed that finite rate of increase (lambda) was significantly correlated with climatic features of habitats, viz. mean annual Values of temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Peak values of lambda occurred at cooler temperatures, moderate levels of habitat moisture and high altitudes (500-1000 m); the Canberra population gave the highest value (lambda = 1 . 157), followed by Armidale (lambda = 1 . 152), Melbourne (lambda = 1 . 141), Mildura (lambda = 1 . 135) and Auckland (lambda = 1 . 118). Higher performance of E. postvittana on herbaceous plants than on woody plants suggests that it primarily evolved as a feeder on herbaceous plants.

scholarly journals Duck Food Plants of the Illinois River Valley

1941 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-8) ◽  
pp. 237-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Bellrose
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
The Past ◽  
Illinois River Valley

For the past 5 years the necessity for improvement of natural food beds in the Illinois River valley has been apparent.

scholarly journals Stratigraphy of stable isotope ratios and leaf structure within an African rainforest canopy with implications for primate isotope ecology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Lowry ◽  
R. M. Wittig ◽  
J. Pittermann ◽  
V. M. Oelze
Keyword(s):  
Light Availability ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Sample Height ◽  
Canopy Effect ◽  
Closed Canopy

AbstractThe canopy effect describes vertical variation in the isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C), oxygen (δ18O) and partially nitrogen (δ15N) within plants throughout a closed canopy forest, and may facilitate the study of canopy feeding niches in arboreal primates. However, the nuanced relationship between leaf height, sunlight exposure and the resulting variation in isotope ratios and leaf mass per area (LMA) has not been documented for an African rainforest. Here, we present δ13C, δ18O and δ15N values of leaves (n = 321) systematically collected from 58 primate food plants throughout the canopy (0.3 to 42 m) in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. Besides leaf sample height and light availability, we measured leaf nitrogen and carbon content (%N, %C), as well as LMA (n = 214) to address the plants’ vertical resource allocations. We found significant variation in δ13C, δ18O and δ15N, as well as LMA in response to height in combination with light availability and tree species, with low canopy leaves depleted in 13C, 18O and 15N and slightly higher in %N compared to higher canopy strata. While this vertical isotopic variation was not well reflected in the δ13C and δ15N of arboreal primates from this forest, it did correspond well to primate δ18O values.

Studies on the Red Bollworm of Cotton, Diparopsis castanea, Hampson.—Part I. The Distribution and Ecology of two natural Food-plants, Cienfuegosia hildebrandtii, Gürke, and Gossypium herbaceum var. africana, Watt.

1937 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marshall ◽  
F. S. Parsons ◽  
H. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Wild Cotton ◽  
Gossypium Herbaceum ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
Distribution And Ecology

The present paper reports the principal results from a survey undertaken with the objects of ascertaining the extent of the natural breeding areas of the red bollworm in South Africa and whether the habitats of the food-plants are well defined ecologically. It has been known for some years that the red bollworm feeds on wild cotton, Gossypium herbaceum, and on Cienfuegosia Hildebrandtii (Parsons), but from increased knowledge of the topography and vegetation of the country there were reasons to suppose that the distribution of these food-plants is quite considerably limited in the present and potential cotton-growing areas, and it was desirable that the situation should be investigated in some detail.

scholarly journals Fatty acid content and composition in edible Ruspolia differens feeding on mixtures of natural food plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlmax Rutaro ◽  
Geoffrey M. Malinga ◽  
Vilma J. Lehtovaara ◽  
Robert Opoke ◽  
Philip Nyeko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Natural Food
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