Ciliary neurotrophic factor blocks rod photoreceptor differentiation from postmitotic precursor cells in vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kirsch ◽  
Steffen Schulz-Key ◽  
Annette Wiese ◽  
Sabine Fuhrmann ◽  
H.-D. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Rod Photoreceptor

Ciliary neurotrophic factor promotes chick photoreceptor development in vitro

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 2695-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fuhrmann ◽  
M. Kirsch ◽  
H.D. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Rod Photoreceptor ◽  
Opsin Expression ◽  
Chick Retina ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Photoreceptor Development

Previous in vitro studies have convincingly demonstrated the involvement of diffusible factors in the regulation of photoreceptor development. We now provide evidence that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) represents one of these regulatory molecules. In low density monolayer cultures prepared from embryonic day 8 chick retina, photoreceptor development was studied using the monoclonal antiopsin antibody rho-4D2 as a differentiation marker. The number of cells acquiring opsin immunoreactivity, determined after 3 days in vitro, was increased up to 4-fold in the presence of CNTF to maximally 10.5% of all cells. Basic fibroblast growth factor or taurine both of which have been reported to stimulate opsin expression in rat retinal cultures and other neurotrophic factors tested (nerve growth factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor) had no effect. The EC50 of the CNTF effect (2.6 pM) was virtually identical to that measured for other CNTF receptor mediated cellular responses. Conditioned medium produced by cultured retinal cells (most likely glial cells) exhibited opsin stimulating activity identical to that of CNTF. Stimulation of opsin expression was specific for morphologically less mature photoreceptors and obviously restricted to rods, since changes in the number of identifiable cone photoreceptors expressing opsin immunoreactivity (10% of all cones) were not detectable. Measurement of the kinetics of the CNTF response revealed that the factor acted on immature opsin-negative progenitors and that CNTF effects were unlikely to reflect enhanced cell survival. Proliferation of photoreceptors was also unaffected, as demonstrated by [3H]thymidine autoradiography. With prolonged culture periods a gradual decrease in the number of opsin-positive cells was observed both in controls and in the continuous presence of CNTF. This decrease could be partly prevented by the addition of 1 mM taurine. Our results suggest that CNTF acted as an inductive signal for uncommitted progenitor cells or during early stages of rod photoreceptor differentiation, whereas other extrinsic stimulatory activities seemed to be required for further maturation.

Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Enhances the Survival of Purkinje Cells In Vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Lärkfors ◽  
Ronald M. Lindsay ◽  
Ralph F. Alderson
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor

scholarly journals Ciliary neurotrophic factor induces cholinergic differentiation of rat sympathetic neurons in culture.

1989 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1807-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Saadat ◽  
M Sendtner ◽  
H Rohrer
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Selective Survival ◽  
Enzyme Molecules

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) influences the levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in cultures of dissociated sympathetic neurons from newborn rats. In the presence of CNTF both the total and specific activity of ChAT was increased 7 d after culture by 15- and 18-fold, respectively, as compared to cultures kept in the absence of CNTF. Between 3 and 21 d in culture in the presence of CNTF the total ChAT activity increased by a factor of greater than 100. Immunotitration demonstrated that the elevated ChAT levels were due to an increased number of enzyme molecules. In contrast to the increase in ChAT levels, the total and specific activity levels of TH were decreased by 42 and 36%, respectively, after 7 d in culture. Half-maximal effects for both ChAT increase and TH decrease were obtained at CNTF concentrations of approximately 0.6 ng and maximal levels were reached at 1 ng of CNTF per milliliter of medium. The effect of CNTF on TH and ChAT levels were seen in serum-containing medium as well as in serum-free medium. CNTF was shown to have only a small effect on the long-term survival of rat sympathetic neurons. We therefore concluded that the effects of CNTF on ChAT and TH are not due to selective survival of cells that acquire cholinergic traits in vitro, but are rather due to the induction of cholinergic differentiation of noradrenergic sympathetic neurons.

Survival in vitro of motoneurons identified or purified by novel antibody-based methods is selectively enhanced by muscle-derived factors

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bloch-Gallego ◽  
M. Huchet ◽  
H. el M'Hamdi ◽  
F.K. Xie ◽  
H. Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
New Method ◽  
Motoneuron Survival ◽  
Muscle Extract

Motoneurons were identified in vitro by a new method using the SC1 monoclonal antibody. They constituted up to 30% of total neurons in cultures of whole spinal cord from 4.5-day chicken embryos, and survived for at least 5 days in the presence of muscle extract, but not in its absence. By contrast, other neurons and floor-plate cells survived without muscle-derived factors. Motoneurons were purified to homogeneity by ‘panning’ on dishes coated with SC1 antibody; they developed rapidly even in the absence of other spinal cells. Concentrations of muscle extract required for half-maximal motoneuron survival were indistinguishable in pure and mixed cultures, suggesting that muscle-derived factors act directly on motoneurons. Other purified growth factors tested, including ciliary neurotrophic factor, did not have the survival-promoting activity of muscle.

The Effects of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor on the Hypothalamo-Pituitary Gonadal Axis In Vitro in Female Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1009-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Stanley ◽  
J. F. Todd ◽  
C. J. Small ◽  
M. S. Kim ◽  
M. M. Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Female Rats
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