Origin and hierarchy of basal lamina-forming and -non-forming myogenic cells in mouse skeletal muscle in relation to adhesive capacity and Pax7 expression in vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuro Tamaki ◽  
Kayoko Tono ◽  
Yoshiyasu Uchiyama ◽  
Yoshinori Okada ◽  
Maki Masuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Mouse Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adhesive Capacity

scholarly journals Interleukin 4 Moderately Affects Competence of Pluripotent Stem Cells for Myogenic Conversion

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Świerczek-Lasek ◽  
Jacek Neska ◽  
Agata Kominek ◽  
Łukasz Tolak ◽  
Tomasz Czajkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
The Impact

Pluripotent stem cells convert into skeletal muscle tissue during teratoma formation or chimeric animal development. Thus, they are characterized by naive myogenic potential. Numerous attempts have been made to develop protocols enabling efficient and safe conversion of pluripotent stem cells into functional myogenic cells in vitro. Despite significant progress in the field, generation of myogenic cells from pluripotent stem cells is still challenging—i.e., currently available methods require genetic modifications, animal-derived reagents, or are long lasting—and, therefore, should be further improved. In the current study, we investigated the influence of interleukin 4, a factor regulating inter alia migration and fusion of myogenic cells and necessary for proper skeletal muscle development and maintenance, on pluripotent stem cells. We assessed the impact of interleukin 4 on proliferation, selected gene expression, and ability to fuse in case of both undifferentiated and differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells. Our results revealed that interleukin 4 slightly improves fusion of pluripotent stem cells with myoblasts leading to the formation of hybrid myotubes. Moreover, it increases the level of early myogenic genes such as Mesogenin1, Pax3, and Pax7 in differentiating embryonic stem cells. Thus, interleukin 4 moderately enhances competence of mouse pluripotent stem cells for myogenic conversion.

Spontaneous myogenic differentiation of Flk-1-positive cells from adult pancreas and other nonmuscle tissues

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. C604-C612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Di Rocco ◽  
Alessandra Tritarelli ◽  
Gabriele Toietta ◽  
Ilaria Gatto ◽  
Maria Grazia Iachininoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Primary Myoblasts ◽  
Thymic Medulla ◽  
First Time

At the embryonic or fetal stages, autonomously myogenic cells (AMCs), i.e., cells able to spontaneously differentiate into skeletal myotubes, have been identified from several different sites other than skeletal muscle, including the vascular compartment. However, in the adult animal, AMCs from skeletal muscle-devoid tissues have been described in only two cases. One is represented by thymic myoid cells, a restricted population of committed myogenic progenitors of unknown derivation present in the thymic medulla; the other is represented by a small subset of adipose tissue-associated cells, which we recently identified. In the present study we report, for the first time, the presence of spontaneously differentiating myogenic precursors in the pancreas and in other skeletal muscle-devoid organs such as spleen and stomach, as well as in the periaortic tissue of adult mice. Immunomagnetic selection procedures indicate that AMCs derive from Flk-1+ progenitors. Individual clones of myogenic cells from nonmuscle organs are morphologically and functionally indistinguishable from skeletal muscle-derived primary myoblasts. Moreover, they can be induced to proliferate in vitro and are able to participate in muscle regeneration in vivo. Thus, we provide evidence that fully competent myogenic progenitors can be derived from the Flk-1+ compartment of several adult tissues that are embryologically unrelated to skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Skeletal Myogenic Progenitors Originating from Embryonic Dorsal Aorta Coexpress Endothelial and Myogenic Markers and Contribute to Postnatal Muscle Growth and Regeneration

1999 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana De Angelis ◽  
Libera Berghella ◽  
Marcello Coletta ◽  
Laura Lattanzi ◽  
Malvina Zanchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Dorsal Aorta ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Adult Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscle in vertebrates is derived from somites, epithelial structures of the paraxial mesoderm, yet many unrelated reports describe the occasional appearance of myogenic cells from tissues of nonsomite origin, suggesting either transdifferentiation or the persistence of a multipotent progenitor. Here, we show that clonable skeletal myogenic cells are present in the embryonic dorsal aorta of mouse embryos. This finding is based on a detailed clonal analysis of different tissue anlagen at various developmental stages. In vitro, these myogenic cells show the same morphology as satellite cells derived from adult skeletal muscle, and express a number of myogenic and endothelial markers. Surprisingly, the latter are also expressed by adult satellite cells. Furthermore, it is possible to clone myogenic cells from limbs of mutant c-Met−/− embryos, which lack appendicular muscles, but have a normal vascular system. Upon transplantation, aorta-derived myogenic cells participate in postnatal muscle growth and regeneration, and fuse with resident satellite cells. The potential of the vascular system to generate skeletal muscle cells may explain observations of nonsomite skeletal myogenesis and raises the possibility that a subset of satellite cells may derive from the vascular system.

Regeneration of adult newt skeletal muscle tissue in vitro

Development ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-271
Author(s):  
Joan A. Schrag ◽  
Jo Ann Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Myotube Formation ◽  
Adult Newt ◽  
Muscle Cultures ◽  
Minced Muscle

Explants and cells of forelimb muscle from adult Notophthalmus viridescens were cultured for periods up to 160 days in MEM-based medium supplemented with serum, hormones, andantibiotics. Explants which were not minced prior to culture contained muscle fibres withhealthy myonuclei and no evidence of dedifferentiation after four weeks. Explants which were minced prior to culture contained degenerated muscle fibres after 1 day and no evidence of dedifferentiation after four weeks. Mononucleated cells from both minced and non-minced explants proliferated. Cell proliferation and myotube formation was greater in the minced muscle cultures. Proliferation and fusion of myoblasts and subsequent formation ofmyofibrils were observed on the plate in primary cultures. Secondarily transferred cells proliferated and fused into myotubes. Although adult newt muscle does not contain satellite cells, myogenesis in this amphibian followed the same course as all other vertebrate skeletal muscle: proliferation of mononucleated myogenic cells, fusion of the myoblaststo form syncytia, and eventual accumulation of myofibrils. The ultimate source of the myogenic cells was not identified; however, the absence of dedifferentiation of the mature fibres and the occurrence of myogenesis in cultures of minced muscle explants demonstratedthat the regenerated muscle developed from a population of mononucleated cells whose origin did not depend upon dedifferentiation of intact fibres.

scholarly journals MITOSIS AND THE PROCESSES OF DIFFERENTIATION OF MYOGENIC CELLS IN VITRO

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bischoff ◽  
Howard Holtzer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Myoblast Fusion ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Myogenic Stem Cells ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Minimum Delay

The relation between the mitotic cycle and myoblast fusion has been studied in chick skeletal muscle in vitro. The duration of the cell cycle phases was the same in both early and late cultures. By tracing a cohort of pulse-labeled cells, it was found that myoblast fusion does not occur in S, G2, or M. Cell surface alterations required for fusion are dependent upon the position of the cell in the division cycle. In early cultures, fusion takes place only after a minimum delay of 5 hr from the time the cell has entered G1. The mitosis preceding fusion may condition the cell for the abrupt shift in synthetic activity that occurs in the subsequent G1. In older cultures fusion of labeled cells is diminished. Two factors account for the cessation of fusion in older cultures. First, the number of myogenic stem cells declines, but these cells do not disappear as the cultures mature. Their persistence was demonstrated by labeling dividing mononucleated cells in older cultures and challenging them with nascent myotubes. Some of these labeled cells were incorporated into the forming myotubes. Second, a block to fusion develops during myotube maturation. Well developed myotubes challenged with labeled competent myogenic cells failed to incorporate the labeled nuclei.

scholarly journals Age and prior exercise in vivo determine the subsequent in vitro molecular profile of myoblasts and nonmyogenic cells derived from human skeletal muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (6) ◽  
pp. C898-C912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilie J. L. Bechshøft ◽  
Simon M. Jensen ◽  
Peter Schjerling ◽  
Jesper L. Andersen ◽  
Rene B. Svensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Muscle Stem Cell ◽  
Myogenic Cells

The decline in skeletal muscle regenerative capacity with age is partly attributed to muscle stem cell (satellite cell) dysfunction. Recent evidence has pointed to a strong interaction between myoblasts and fibroblasts, but the influence of age on this interaction is unknown. Additionally, while the native tissue environment is known to determine the properties of myogenic cells in vitro, how the aging process alters this cell memory has not been established at the molecular level. We recruited 12 young and 12 elderly women, who performed a single bout of heavy resistance exercise with the knee extensor muscles of one leg. Five days later, muscle biopsies were collected from both legs, and myogenic cells and nonmyogenic cells were isolated for in vitro experiments with mixed or separated cells and analyzed by immunostaining and RT-PCR. A lower myogenic fusion index was detected in the cells from the old versus young women, in association with differences in gene expression levels of key myogenic regulatory factors and senescence, which were further altered by performing exercise before tissue sampling. Coculture with nonmyogenic cells from the elderly led to a higher myogenic differentiation index compared with nonmyogenic cells from the young. These findings show that the in vitro phenotype and molecular profile of human skeletal muscle myoblasts and fibroblasts is determined by the age and exercise state of the original in vivo environment and help explain how exercise can enhance muscle stem cell function in old age.

scholarly journals 3D skeletal muscle fascicle engineering is improved with TGF-β1 treatment of myogenic cells and their co-culture with myofibroblasts

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Krieger ◽  
Byung-Wook Park ◽  
Christopher R. Lambert ◽  
Christopher Malcuit
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Tgf Β1

Background Skeletal muscle wound healing is dependent on complex interactions between fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, myogenic cells, and cytokines, such as TGF-β1. This study sought to clarify the impact of TGF-β1 signaling on skeletal muscle cells and discern between the individual contributions of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts to myogenesis when in co-culture with myogenic cells. 3D tissue-engineered models were compared to equivalent 2D culture conditions to assess the efficacy of each culture model to predictively recapitulate the in vivo muscle environment. Methods TGF-β1 treatment and mono-/co-cultures containing human dermal fibroblasts or myofibroblasts and C2C12 mouse myoblasts were assessed in 2D and 3D environments. Three culture systems were compared: cell monolayers grown on 2D dishes and 3D tissues prepared via a self-assembly method or collagen 1-based hydrogel biofabrication. qPCR identified gene expression changes during fibroblast to myofibroblast and myoblast differentiation between culture conditions. Changes to cell phenotype and tissue morphology were characterized via immunostaining for myosin heavy chain, procollagen, and α-smooth muscle actin. Tissue elastic moduli were measured with parallel plate compression and atomic force microscopy systems, and a slack test was employed to quantify differences in tissue architecture and integrity. Results TGF-β1 treatment improved myogenesis in 3D mono- and co-cultures containing muscle cells, but not in 2D. The 3D TGF-β1-treated co-culture containing myoblasts and myofibroblasts expressed the highest levels of myogenin and collagen 1, demonstrating a greater capacity to drive myogenesis than fibroblasts or TGF-β1-treatment in monocultures containing only myoblasts. These constructs possessed the greatest tissue stability, integrity, and muscle fiber organization, as demonstrated by their rapid and sustained shortening velocity during slack tests, and the highest Young’s modulus of 6.55 kPA, approximate half the stiffness of in situ muscle. Both self-assembled and hydrogel-based tissues yielded the most multinucleated, elongated, and aligned muscle fiber histology. In contrast, the equivalent 2D co-culture model treated with TGF-β1 completely lacked myotube formation through suppression of myogenin gene expression. Discussion These results show skeletal muscle regeneration can be promoted by treating myogenic cells with TGF-β1, and myofibroblasts are superior enhancers of myogenesis than fibroblasts. Critically, both TGF-β1 treatment and co-culturing skeletal muscle cells with myofibroblasts can serve as myogenesis accelerators across multiple tissue engineering platforms. Equivalent 2D culture systems cannot replicate these affects, however, highlighting a need to continually improve in vitro models for skeletal muscle development, discovery of therapeutics for muscle regeneration, and research and development of in vitro meat products.

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