Alphoid variant-specific FISH probes can distinguish autosomal meiosis I from meiosis II non-disjunction in human sperm

1997 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. O'Keefe ◽  
D. K. Griffin ◽  
Christopher J. Bean ◽  
A. Gregory Matera ◽  
T. J. Hassold
Keyword(s):  
Human Sperm ◽  
Meiosis I

scholarly journals Insights about variation in meiosis from 31,228 human sperm genomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery Davis Bell ◽  
Curtis J. Mello ◽  
James Nemesh ◽  
Sara A. Brumbaugh ◽  
Alec Wysoker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Sperm ◽  
Donor Sperm ◽  
Sperm Donors ◽  
Genomic Anomalies ◽  
Meiosis I ◽  
Chromosome Nondisjunction

AbstractMeiosis, while critical for reproduction, is also highly variable and error prone: crossover rates vary among humans and individual gametes, and chromosome nondisjunction leads to aneuploidy, a leading cause of miscarriage. To study variation in meiotic outcomes within and across individuals, we developed a way to sequence many individual sperm genomes at once. We used this method to sequence the genomes of 31,228 gametes from 20 sperm donors, identifying 813,122 crossovers, 787 aneuploid chromosomes, and unexpected genomic anomalies. Different sperm donors varied four-fold in the frequency of aneuploid sperm, and aneuploid chromosomes gained in meiosis I had 36% fewer crossovers than corresponding non-aneuploid chromosomes. Diverse recombination phenotypes were surprisingly coordinated: donors with high average crossover rates also made a larger fraction of their crossovers in centromere-proximal regions and placed their crossovers closer together. These same relationships were also evident in the variation among individual gametes from the same donor: sperm with more crossovers tended to have made crossovers closer together and in centromere-proximal regions. Variation in the physical compaction of chromosomes could help explain this coordination of meiotic variation across chromosomes, gametes, and individuals.

A High Resolution Cytochemical Study of Nuclear ATPase in Human Spermatozoa

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
A. Sosa ◽  
L. Calzada
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Sperm Nucleus ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Sperm Nuclei ◽  
Interchromatin Space

The dependence of nuclear metabolism on the function of the nuclear membrane is not well understood. Whether or not the function of the nuclear membrane is partial or totally responsible of the repressed template activity of human sperm nucleus has not at present been elucidated. One of the membrane-bound enzymatic activities which is concerned with the mechanisms whereby substances are thought to cross cell membranes is adenosintriphosphatase (ATPase). This prompted its characterization and distribution by high resolution photogrammetry on isolated human sperm nuclei. Isolated human spermatozoa nuclei were obtained as previously described. ATPase activity was demonstrated by the method of Wachstein and Meisel modified by Marchesi and Palade. ATPase activity was identified as dense and irregularly distributed granules confined to the internal leaflet of the nuclear membrane. Within the nucleus the appearance of the reaction product occurs as homogenous and dense precipitates in the interchromatin space.

Meiotic CENP-C is a shepherd: bridging the space between the centromere and the kinetochore in time and space

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Fellmeth ◽  
Kim S. McKim
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Kinetochore Assembly ◽  
M Phase ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Meiosis I

Abstract While many of the proteins involved in the mitotic centromere and kinetochore are conserved in meiosis, they often gain a novel function due to the unique needs of homolog segregation during meiosis I (MI). CENP-C is a critical component of the centromere for kinetochore assembly in mitosis. Recent work, however, has highlighted the unique features of meiotic CENP-C. Centromere establishment and stability require CENP-C loading at the centromere for CENP-A function. Pre-meiotic loading of proteins necessary for homolog recombination as well as cohesion also rely on CENP-C, as do the main scaffolding components of the kinetochore. Much of this work relies on new technologies that enable in vivo analysis of meiosis like never before. Here, we strive to highlight the unique role of this highly conserved centromere protein that loads on to centromeres prior to M-phase onset, but continues to perform critical functions through chromosome segregation. CENP-C is not merely a structural link between the centromere and the kinetochore, but also a functional one joining the processes of early prophase homolog synapsis to late metaphase kinetochore assembly and signaling.

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