Altered expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast polypeptides in non-photosynthetic mutants of

1996 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Hahn ◽  
Pierre Bennoun ◽  
U. Kück
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Photosynthetic Mutants

scholarly journals Macromolecule biosynthesis: a key function of sleep

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Mackiewicz ◽  
Keith R. Shockley ◽  
Micah A. Romer ◽  
Raymond J. Galante ◽  
John E. Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
State Level ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Mouse Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Function Of Sleep ◽  
Cellular Components

The function(s) of sleep remains a major unanswered question in biology. We assessed changes in gene expression in the mouse cerebral cortex and hypothalamus following different durations of sleep and periods of sleep deprivation. There were significant differences in gene expression between behavioral states; we identified 3,988 genes in the cerebral cortex and 823 genes in the hypothalamus with altered expression patterns between sleep and sleep deprivation. Changes in the steady-state level of transcripts for various genes are remarkably common during sleep, as 2,090 genes in the cerebral cortex and 409 genes in the hypothalamus were defined as sleep specific and changed (increased or decreased) their expression during sleep. The largest categories of overrepresented genes increasing expression with sleep were those involved in biosynthesis and transport. In both the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, during sleep there was upregulation of multiple genes encoding various enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis, as well as proteins for lipid transport. There was also upregulation during sleep of genes involved in synthesis of proteins, heme, and maintenance of vesicle pools, as well as antioxidant enzymes and genes encoding proteins of energy-regulating pathways. We postulate that during sleep there is a rebuilding of multiple key cellular components in preparation for subsequent wakefulness.

scholarly journals Age-dependent changes in electrophysiology and calcium handling – implications for pediatric cardiac research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luther M. Swift ◽  
Morgan Burke ◽  
Devon Guerrelli ◽  
Manelle Ramadan ◽  
Marissa Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Cell Coupling ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cardiac Maturation

ABSTRACTRationaleThe heart continues to develop and mature after birth and into adolescence. Accordingly, cardiac maturation is likely to include a progressive refinement in both organ morphology and function during the postnatal period. Yet, age-dependent changes in cardiac electrophysiology and calcium handling have not yet been fully characterized.ObjectiveThe objective of this study, was to examine the relationship between cardiac maturation, electrophysiology, and calcium handling throughout postnatal development in a rat model.MethodsPostnatal rat cardiac maturation was determined by measuring the expression of genes involved in cell-cell coupling, electrophysiology, and calcium handling. In vivo electrocardiograms were recorded from neonatal, juvenile, and adult animals. Simultaneous dual optical mapping of transmembrane voltage and calcium transients was performed on isolated, Langendorff-perfused rat hearts (postnatal day 0–3, 4-7, 8-14, adult).ResultsYounger, immature hearts displayed slowed electrical conduction, prolonged action potential duration and increased ventricular refractoriness. Slowed calcium handling in the immature heart increased the propensity for calcium transient alternans which corresponded to alterations in the expression of genes encoding calcium handling proteins. Developmental changes in cardiac electrophysiology were associated with the altered expression of genes encoding potassium channels and intercalated disc proteins.ConclusionUsing an intact whole heart model, this study highlights chronological changes in cardiac electrophysiology and calcium handling throughout postnatal development. Results of this study can serve as a comprehensive baseline for future studies focused on pediatric cardiac research, safety assessment and/or preclinical testing using rodent models.

scholarly journals Minimization of energy transduction confers resistance to phosphine in the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeongnam Kim ◽  
Jeong Oh Yang ◽  
Jae-Yoon Sung ◽  
Ji-Young Lee ◽  
Jeong Sun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Energy Transduction ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract Infestation of phosphine (PH3) resistant insects threatens global grain reserves. PH3 fumigation controls rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) but not highly resistant insect pests. Here, we investigated naturally occurring strains of S. oryzae that were moderately resistant (MR), strongly resistant (SR), or susceptible (wild-type; WT) to PH3 using global proteome analysis and mitochondrial DNA sequencing. Both PH3 resistant (PH3–R) strains exhibited higher susceptibility to ethyl formate-mediated inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase than the WT strain, whereas the disinfectant PH3 concentration time of the SR strain was much longer than that of the MR strain. Unlike the MR strain, which showed altered expression levels of genes encoding metabolic enzymes involved in catabolic pathways that minimize metabolic burden, the SR strain showed changes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Our results suggest that the acquisition of strong PH3 resistance necessitates the avoidance of oxidative phosphorylation through the accumulation of a few non-synonymous mutations in mitochondrial genes encoding complex I subunits as well as nuclear genes encoding dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, concomitant with metabolic reprogramming, a recognized hallmark of cancer metabolism. Taken together, our data suggest that reprogrammed metabolism represents a survival strategy of SR insect pests for the compensation of minimized energy transduction under anoxic conditions. Therefore, understanding the resistance mechanism of PH3–R strains will support the development of new strategies to control insect pests.

scholarly journals Coordination of plastid and nuclear gene expression

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1429) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Gray ◽  
James A. Sullivan ◽  
Jun-Hui Wang ◽  
Cheryl A. Jerome ◽  
Daniel MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Nuclear Gene Expression ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
Plastid Protein ◽  
Related Proteins

The coordinated expression of genes distributed between the nuclear and plastid genomes is essential for the assembly of functional chloroplasts. Although the nucleus has a pre–eminent role in controlling chloroplast biogenesis, there is considerable evidence that the expression of nuclear genes encoding photosynthesis–related proteins is regulated by signals from plastids. Perturbation of several plastid–located processes, by inhibitors or in mutants, leads to decreased transcription of a set of nuclear photosynthesis–related genes. Characterization of arabidopsis gun ( genomes uncoupled ) mutants, which express nuclear genes in the presence of norflurazon or lincomycin, has provided evidence for two separate signalling pathways, one involving tetrapyrrole biosynthesis intermediates and the other requiring plastid protein synthesis. In addition, perturbation of photosynthetic electron transfer produces at least two different redox signals, as part of the acclimation to altered light conditions. The recognition of multiple plastid signals requires a reconsideration of the mechanisms of regulation of transcription of nuclear genes encoding photosynthesis–related proteins.

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