Confounding in the study of pacifier use in sudden infant death syndrome

2000 ◽  
Vol 159 (7) ◽  
pp. 542-542
Author(s):  
Martin Schlaud ◽  
Christian F. Poets
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Pacifier Use

scholarly journals Using a pacifier to decrease sudden infant death syndrome: An emergency department educational intervention

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Walsh ◽  
Teri Veith ◽  
Carolina Rodriguez ◽  
Rogelio Molina ◽  
Nicole Lona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Pacifier Use

Background: Pacifier use decreases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). An emergency department (ED) visit may provide an opportunistic ‘teachable moment’ for parents. Objectives: To test the hypotheses (1) that caregivers were less familiar with the role of pacifiers in sudden infant death (SIDS) prevention than other recommendations, and (2) that an ED educational intervention would increase pacifier use in infants younger than six months, and (3) that otitis media would not occur more frequently in pacifier users. Methods: An intervention-group-only longitudinal study in a county hospital ED. We measured pacifier use infants and baseline knowledge of SIDs prevention recommendations in caregivers. We followed up three months later to determine pacifier use, and 12 months later to determine episodes of otitis media. Results: We analyzed data for 780 infants. Parents knew of advice against co-sleeping in 469/780 (60%), smoking in 660/776 (85%), and prone sleeping in 613/780 (79%). Only 268/777 (35%) knew the recommendation to offer a pacifier at bedtime. At enrollment 449/780 (58%) did not use a pacifier. Of 210/338 infants aged less than 6 months followed up 41/112 (37%) non-users had started using a pacifier at bedtime (NNT 3). Over the same period, 37/98 (38%) users had discontinued their pacifier. Otitis media did not differ between users and non-users at 12 months. Conclusion: Caregiver knowledge of the role of pacifiers in SIDS prevention was less than for other recommendations. Our educational intervention appeared to increase pacifier use. Pacifier use was not associated with increased otitis media.

scholarly journals Dummy (pacifier) use and sudden infant death syndrome: Potential advantages and disadvantages

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary SC Horne ◽  
Fern R Hauck ◽  
Rachel Y Moon ◽  
Monique P L'Hoir ◽  
Peter S Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pacifier Use

Epidemiology of Intrathoracic Petechial Hemorrhages in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M.O. Becroft ◽  
John M.D. Thompson ◽  
Edwin A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Pacifier Use ◽  
Head Covering

The possible effects of a wide range of sociodemographic and environmental factors on the incidence and distribution of petechiae were investigated in 485 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases from the New Zealand Cot Death Study. The number (nil, few, many) of macroscopic petechial hemorrhages in the visceral pleura, capsule of thymus, and epicardium was recorded in 458 of 474 autopsied SIDS cases. Other information was obtained from parental interview and obstetric records. Univariate analysis showed highly significant relationships ( P ≤ 0.005) between the frequency of petechiae at one or more sites and socioeconomic status, parity, breast feeding, age at death, time of death, sleep position, and head covering at death and lesser but significant relationships ( P ≤ 0.05) with Maori ethnicity, birth weight, gestation, pacifier use, and bed sharing. After multivariate analysis, significant associations remained between increased frequencies of thymic petechiae and parity (P = 0.0001), age at death (P = 0.0003), Maori ethnicity (P = 0.0019), pacifier use (P = 0.0001), and head covering at death (P = 0.0032); between increased frequencies of epicardial petechiae and head covering at death (P = 0.008) and an estimated time of death between 00:00 and 05:59 h ( P = 0.056); and between increased frequencies of pleural petechiae and maternal smoking ( P = 0.058) and parity ( P = 0.022). There was a decreased frequency of pleural petechiae in infants placed prone for their final sleep ( P = 0.058). The distribution and frequency of petechiae are affected by environmental factors, including known risk factors for SIDS, but these factors occur inconsistently across the three sites. The findings imply differences in the pathogenesis at each site but do not provide consistent support for previous theories of causation of petechiae.

Pacifier Use, Breastfeeding and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Hewitt ◽  
Colin Binns ◽  
Jane Scott ◽  
David Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Pacifier Use

scholarly journals Association between pacifier use and breast-feeding, sudden infant death syndrome, infection and dental malocclusion

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Ann Callaghan ◽  
Garth Kendall ◽  
Christine Lock ◽  
Anne Mahony ◽  
Jan Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Pacifier Use ◽  
Dental Malocclusion

scholarly journals Using a pacifier to decrease sudden infant death syndrome: An emergency department educational intervention

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Walsh ◽  
Teri Veith ◽  
Carolina Rodriguez ◽  
Rogelio Molina ◽  
Nicole Lona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Pacifier Use

Background: Pacifier use decreases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). An emergency department (ED) visit may provide an opportunistic ‘teachable moment’ for parents. Objectives: To test the hypotheses (1) that caregivers were less familiar with the role of pacifiers in sudden infant death (SIDS) prevention than other recommendations, and (2) that an ED educational intervention would increase pacifier use in infants younger than six months, and (3) that otitis media would not occur more frequently in pacifier users. Methods: An intervention-group-only longitudinal study in a county hospital ED. We measured pacifier use infants and baseline knowledge of SIDs prevention recommendations in caregivers. We followed up three months later to determine pacifier use, and 12 months later to determine episodes of otitis media. Results: We analyzed data for 780 infants. Parents knew of advice against co-sleeping in 469/780 (60%), smoking in 660/776 (85%), and prone sleeping in 613/780 (79%). Only 268/777 (35%) knew the recommendation to offer a pacifier at bedtime. At enrollment 449/780 (58%) did not use a pacifier. Of 210/338 infants aged less than 6 months followed up 41/112 (37%) non-users had started using a pacifier at bedtime (NNT 3). Over the same period, 37/98 (38%) users had discontinued their pacifier. Otitis media did not differ between users and non-users at 12 months. Conclusion: Caregiver knowledge of the role of pacifiers in SIDS prevention was less than for other recommendations. Our educational intervention appeared to increase pacifier use. Pacifier use was not associated with increased otitis media.

scholarly journals Pacifier use and sudden infant death syndrome: results from the CESDI/SUDI case control study

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J Fleming ◽  
P. S Blair ◽  
K. Pollard ◽  
M. W. Platt ◽  
C. Leach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Pacifier Use
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